Publications

2017

D. Feng, D. C. Jeong, N. C. Krämer, L. C. Miller, and S. Marsella, “Is it just me?: evaluating attribution of negative feedback as a function of virtual instructor’s gender and proxemics,” in Proceedings of the 16th conference on autonomous agents and multiagent systems, 2017, p. 810–818.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{feng2017just,
title={Is It Just Me?: Evaluating Attribution of Negative Feedback as a Function of Virtual Instructor's Gender and Proxemics},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/home/danfeng/papers/AAMAS%202017%20Dan%20Feng.pdf},
author={Feng, Dan and Jeong, David C and Kr{\"a}mer, Nicole C and Miller, Lynn C and Marsella, Stacy},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Autonomous Agents and MultiAgent Systems},
pages={810--818},
year={2017},
organization={International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems}
}

H. Wang and S. Marsella, “Assessing personality through objective behavioral sensing,” in Proceedings of the 7th international conference on affective computing and intelligent interaction, 2017.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{wang2017personality,
title={Assessing Personality through Objective Behavioral Sensing},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/home/danfeng/papers/AAMAS%202017%20Dan%20Feng.pdf},
author={Hui Wang and Marsella, Stacy},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction },
year={2017},
organization={International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems}
}

D. C. Jeong, D. Feng, N. C. Krämer, L. C. Miller, and S. Marsella, “Negative feedback in your face: examining the effects of proxemics and gender on learning,” in International conference on intelligent virtual agents, 2017, p. 170–183.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{jeong2017negative,
title={Negative Feedback In Your Face: Examining the Effects of Proxemics and Gender on Learning},
author={Jeong, David C and Feng, Dan and Kr{\"a}mer, Nicole C and Miller, Lynn C and Marsella, Stacy},
booktitle={International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents},
pages={170--183},
year={2017},
organization={Springer, Cham}
}

2016

N. Yongsatianchot and S. Marsella, “Integrating model-based prediction and facial expressions in the perception of emotion,” in International conference on artificial general intelligence, 2016, p. 234–243.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{yongsatianchot2016integrating,
title={Integrating Model-Based Prediction and Facial Expressions in the Perception of Emotion},
url={http://www.northeastern.edu/cesar/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Yongsatianchot_Marsella_AGI.pdf},
author={Yongsatianchot, Nutchanon and Marsella, Stacy},
booktitle={International Conference on Artificial General Intelligence},
pages={234--243},
year={2016},
organization={Springer}
}

C. M. de Melo, S. Marsella, and J. Gratch, “Do as i say, not as i do: challenges in delegating decisions to automated agents,” in Proceedings of the 2016 international conference on autonomous agents & multiagent systems, 2016, p. 949–956.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{de2016say,
title={Do As I Say, Not As I Do: Challenges in Delegating Decisions to Automated Agents},
author={de Melo, Celso M and Marsella, Stacy and Gratch, Jonathan},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Autonomous Agents \& Multiagent Systems},
pages={949--956},
year={2016},
organization={International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems}
}

F. Pecune, M. Ochs, S. Marsella, and C. Pelachaud, “Socrates: from social relation to attitude expressions,” in Proceedings of the 2016 international conference on autonomous agents & multiagent systems, 2016, p. 921–930.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{pecune2016socrates,
title={SOCRATES: from SOCial Relation to ATtitude ExpressionS},
author={Pecune, Florian and Ochs, Magalie and Marsella, Stacy and Pelachaud, Catherine},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Autonomous Agents \& Multiagent Systems},
pages={921--930},
year={2016},
organization={International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems}
}

C. D. Melo, S. Marsella, and J. Gratch, “People do not feel guilty about exploiting machines,” Acm transactions on computer-human interaction (tochi), vol. 23, iss. 2, p. 8, 2016.
[Bibtex]

@article{melo2016people,
title={People do not feel guilty about exploiting machines},
author={Melo, Celso De and Marsella, Stacy and Gratch, Jonathan},
journal={ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)},
volume={23},
number={2},
pages={8},
year={2016},
publisher={ACM}
}

D. Feng, E. Carstensdottir, S. M. Carnicke, M. S. El-Nasr, and S. Marsella, “An active analysis and crowd sourced approach to social training,” in Interactive storytelling: 9th international conference on interactive digital storytelling, icids 2016, los angeles, ca, usa, november 15–18, 2016, proceedings 9, 2016, p. 156–167.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{feng2016active,
title={An Active Analysis and Crowd Sourced Approach to Social Training},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/home/danfeng/papers/active-analysis-crowd.pdf},
author={Feng, Dan and Carstensdottir, Elin and Carnicke, Sharon Marie and El-Nasr, Magy Seif and Marsella, Stacy},
booktitle={Interactive Storytelling: 9th International Conference on Interactive Digital Storytelling, ICIDS 2016, Los Angeles, CA, USA, November 15--18, 2016, Proceedings 9},
pages={156--167},
year={2016},
organization={Springer}
}

2015

B. Alfonso, D. V. Pynadath, M. Lhommet, and S. Marsella, “Emotional perception for updating agents’ beliefs,” in Affective computing and intelligent interaction (acii), 2015 international conference on, 2015, p. 201–207.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{alfonso2015emotional,
title={Emotional perception for updating agents' beliefs},
author={Alfonso, Bexy and Pynadath, David V and Lhommet, Margot and Marsella, Stacy},
booktitle={Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction (ACII), 2015 International Conference on},
pages={201--207},
year={2015},
organization={IEEE}
}

J. Gratch, L. Cheng, and S. Marsella, “The appraisal equivalence hypothesis: verifying the domain-independence of a computational model of emotion dynamics,” in Affective computing and intelligent interaction (acii), 2015 international conference on, 2015, p. 105–111.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{gratch2015appraisal,
title={The appraisal equivalence hypothesis: Verifying the domain-independence of a computational model of emotion dynamics},
author={Gratch, Jonathan and Cheng, Lin and Marsella, Stacy},
booktitle={Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction (ACII), 2015 International Conference on},
pages={105--111},
year={2015},
organization={IEEE}
}

G. M. Lucas, J. Gratch, L. Cheng, and S. Marsella, “When the going gets tough: grit predicts costly perseverance,” Journal of research in personality, vol. 59, p. 15–22, 2015.
[Bibtex]

@article{lucas2015going,
title={When the going gets tough: Grit predicts costly perseverance},
author={Lucas, Gale M and Gratch, Jonathan and Cheng, Lin and Marsella, Stacy},
journal={Journal of Research in Personality},
volume={59},
pages={15--22},
year={2015},
publisher={Elsevier}
}

C. Chiu, L. Morency, and S. Marsella, “Predicting co-verbal gestures: a deep and temporal modeling approach,” in International conference on intelligent virtual agents, 2015, p. 152–166.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{chiu2015predicting,
title={Predicting Co-verbal Gestures: A Deep and Temporal Modeling Approach},
author={Chiu, Chung-Cheng and Morency, Louis-Philippe and Marsella, Stacy},
booktitle={International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents},
pages={152--166},
year={2015},
organization={Springer}
}

A. W. Feng, A. Leuski, S. Marsella, D. Casas, S. Kang, and A. Shapiro, “A platform for building mobile virtual humans,” in International conference on intelligent virtual agents, 2015, p. 310–319.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{feng2015platform,
title={A Platform for Building Mobile Virtual Humans},
author={Feng, Andrew W and Leuski, Anton and Marsella, Stacy and Casas, Dan and Kang, Sin-Hwa and Shapiro, Ari},
booktitle={International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents},
pages={310--319},
year={2015},
organization={Springer}
}

J. Gratch, D. DeVault, G. M. Lucas, and S. Marsella, “Negotiation as a challenge problem for virtual humans,” in International conference on intelligent virtual agents, 2015, p. 201–215.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{gratch2015negotiation,
title={Negotiation as a challenge problem for virtual humans},
author={Gratch, Jonathan and DeVault, David and Lucas, Gale M and Marsella, Stacy},
booktitle={International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents},
pages={201--215},
year={2015},
organization={Springer}
}

N. Wang, D. V. Pynadath, and S. C. Marsella, “Subjective perceptions in wartime negotiation,” Ieee transactions on affective computing, vol. 6, iss. 2, p. 118–126, 2015.
[Bibtex]

@article{wang2015subjective,
title={Subjective perceptions in wartime negotiation},
author={Wang, Ning and Pynadath, David V and Marsella, Stacy C},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing},
volume={6},
number={2},
pages={118--126},
year={2015},
publisher={IEEE}
}

2014

C. Chiu and S. Marsella, “Gesture generation with low-dimensional embeddings,” in The 13th international conference on autonomous agents and multiagent systems (aamas), 2014.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{ChiuAAMAS14,
author={Chung-Cheng Chiu and Stacy Marsella},
title={Gesture Generation with Low-Dimensional Embeddings},
booktitle={The 13th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS)},
year={2014},
volume={},
number={},
pages={},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/Chiu_AAMAS14.pdf},
basefilename={ChengAAMAS14},
category={Virtual Humans},
}

DeVault, Artstein, Benn, Dey, Fast, Gainer, Georgila, Gratch, Hartholt, Lhommet, Lucas, Marsella, Morbini, Nazarian, Scherer, Stratou, Suri, Traum, Wood, Xu, Rizzo, and Morency, “Simsensei kiosk: a virtual human interviewer for healthcare decision support,” in The 13th international conference on autonomous agents and multiagent systems (aamas), 2014.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{Devault_AAMAS14,
author={DeVault and Artstein and Benn and Dey and Fast and Gainer and Georgila and Gratch and Hartholt and Lhommet and Lucas and Marsella and Morbini and Nazarian and Scherer and Stratou and Suri and Traum and Wood and Xu and Rizzo and Morency},
title={SimSensei Kiosk: A Virtual Human Interviewer for Healthcare Decision Support},
booktitle={The 13th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS)},
year={2014},
volume={},
number={},
pages={},
url={http://aamas2014.lip6.fr/proceedings/aamas/p1061.pdf},
basefilename={Devault_AAMAS14},
category={Virtual Humans},
}

D. Pynadath, P. Rosenbloom, and S. Marsella, “Reinforcement learning for adaptive theory of mind in the sigma cognitive architecture,” in Artificial general intelligence, 2014.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{pynadathagi14,
year={2014},
booktitle={Artificial General Intelligence},
title={Reinforcement Learning for Adaptive Theory of Mind in the Sigma Cognitive Architecture},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/Pynadath_AGI2014.pdf},
author={Pynadath, David and Rosenbloom, Paul and Marsella, Stacy},
category={Social Simulation},
basefilename={pynadathagi14}
}

M. Lhommet and S. Marsella, “Metaphoric gestures: towards grounded mental spaces,” in Intelligent virtual agents, 2014.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{lhommetiva14,
year={2014},
booktitle={Intelligent Virtual Agents},
title={Metaphoric gestures: towards grounded mental spaces},
url={https://sites.google.com/site/mlhommet/docs/2014_IVA_lhommet_marsella.pdf?attredirects=0},
author={Lhommet, Margaux and Marsella, Stacy},
category={Virtual Humans},
basefilename={lhommetiva14}
}

Y. Xu, C. Pelachaud, and S. Marsella, “Compound gesture generation: a model based on ideational units,” in Intelligent virtual agents, 2014.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{yuyuiva14,
year={2014},
booktitle={Intelligent Virtual Agents},
title={Compound Gesture Generation: A Model Based on Ideational Units},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/Yuyu_IVA2014.pdf},
author={Xu, Yuyu and Pelachaud, Catherine and Marsella, Stacy},
category={Virtual Humans},
basefilename={yuyuiva14}
}

S. Marsella and J. Gratch, “Computationally modeling human emotion,” Communications of the acm, vol. 57, iss. 12, p. 56–67, 2014.
[Bibtex]

@article{marsella2014computationally,
title={Computationally modeling human emotion},
url={http://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2014/12/180787-computationally-modeling-human-emotion/abstract},
author={Marsella, Stacy and Gratch, Jonathan},
journal={Communications of the ACM},
volume={57},
number={12},
pages={56--67},
year={2014},
publisher={ACM}
}

2013

J. Tsai, E. Bowring, S. Marsella, and M. Tambe, “Empirical evaluation of computational fear contagion models in crowd dispersions,” Journal of autonomous agents and multi-agent systems, pp. 1-18, 2013.
[Bibtex]

@article{tsaijaamas13,
year={2013},
month={September},
journal={Journal of Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems},
title={Empirical evaluation of computational fear contagion models in crowd dispersions},
url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10458-013-9220-6},
publisher={Springer US},
keywords={Emotional contagion; Emotion modeling; Simulation},
author={Tsai, Jason and Bowring, Emma and Marsella, Stacy and Tambe, Milind},
pages={1-18},
basefilename={tsaijaamas13},
category={Emotion Modeling}
}

D. Pynadath, N. Wang, and S. Marsella, “Are you thinking what i’m thinking?\ an evaluation of a simplified theory of mind,” in Intelligent virtual agents, 2013.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{pynadathiva13,
year={2013},
month={September},
booktitle={Intelligent Virtual Agents},
title={Are you thinking what I'm thinking?\ An Evaluation of a Simplified Theory of Mind},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/Pynadath_IVA2013.pdf},
author={Pynadath, David and Wang, Ning and Marsella, Stacy},
category={Social Simulation},
basefilename={pynadathiva13}
}

N. Wang, D. Pynadath, and S. Marsella, “Subjective perceptions in wartime negotiation,” in Affective computing and intelligent interaction, 2013.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{wangacii13,
year={2013},
month={September},
booktitle={Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction},
title={Subjective Perceptions in Wartime Negotiation},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/Pynadath_ACII2013.pdf},
author={Wang, Ning and Pynadath, David and Marsella, Stacy},
category={Social Simulation},
basefilename={wangacii13}
}

Z. Wang, J. Lee, and S. Marsella, “Multi-party, multi-role comprehensive listening behavior,” Journal of autonomous agents and multi-agent systems, pp. 1-17, 2013.
[Bibtex]

@article{wangleejaamas13,
year={2013},
month={September},
journal={Journal of Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems},
title={Multi-party, multi-role comprehensive listening behavior},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/wangleejaamas13.pdf},
publisher={Springer US},
keywords={Artificial intelligence; Listener feedback; Context based feedback; Nonverbal behavior},
author={Wang, Zhiyang and Lee, Jina and Marsella, Stacy},
pages={1-17},
category={Virtual Humans},
basefilename={wangleejaamas13}
}

M. Lhommet and S. Marsella, “Gesture with meaning,” in Intelligent virtual agents, 2013.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{lhommetiva13,
year={2013},
month={August},
booktitle={Intelligent Virtual Agents},
title={Gesture with Meaning},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/lhommetiva13.pdf},
author={Lhommet, Margaux and Marsella, Stacy},
category={Virtual Humans},
basefilename={lhommetiva13}
}

S. Marsella, Y. Xu, M. Lhommet, A. Feng, S. Scherer, and A. Shapiro, “Virtual character performance from speech,” in Symposium on computer animation, 2013.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{marsellasca13,
year={2013},
month={July},
booktitle={Symposium on Computer Animation},
title={Virtual Character Performance From Speech},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/marsellasca13.pdf},
author={Marsella, Stacy and Xu, Yuyu and Lhommet, Margaux and Feng, Andrew and Scherer, Stefan and Shapiro, Ari},
category={Virtual Humans},
basefilename={marsellasca13}
}

S. Marsella, A. Shapiro, A. Feng, Y. Xu, M. Lhommet, and S. Scherer, “Towards higher quality character performance in previz,” in Digipro, 2013.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{marelladigipro13,
year={2013},
month={June},
booktitle={DigiPro},
title={Towards Higher Quality Character Performance in Previz},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/marselladigipro13.pdf},
author={Marsella, Stacy and Shapiro, Ari and Feng, Andrew and Xu, Yuyu and Lhommet, Margaux and Scherer, Stefan},
category={Virtual Humans},
basefilename={marselladigipro13}
}

J. Gratch, L. Cheng, S. Marsella, and J. Boberg, “Felt emotion and social context determine the intensity of smiles in a competitive video game.,” in 10th ieee international conference on automatic face and gesture recognition. shanghai, china, 2013.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{gratchFG2013,
author = { Jonathan Gratch and Lin Cheng and Stacy Marsella and Jill Boberg},
title = {Felt emotion and social context determine the intensity of smiles in a competitive video game.},
booktitle = {10th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition. Shanghai, China},
year = {2013},
month = {May},
category= {Emotion Modeling},
basefilename={gratchFG2013},
}

D. Pynadath, N. Wang, and S. Marsella, “Computational models of human behavior inwartime negotiations,” in Cognitive science, 2013.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{pynadathcogsci13,
year={2013},
booktitle={Cognitive Science},
title={Computational Models of Human Behavior inWartime Negotiations},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/Pynadath_CogSci_2013.pdf},
author={Pynadath, David and Wang, Ning and Marsella, Stacy},
category={Social Simulation},
basefilename={pynadathcogsci13}
}

D. V. Pynadath, M. Si, and S. C. Marsella, “Modeling theory of mind and cognitive appraisal with decision-theoretic agents,” in Social emotions in nature and artifact, J. Gratch and S. Marsella, Eds., Oxford university press, 2013.
[Bibtex]

@inbook{pynadathToM,
title={Modeling Theory of Mind and Cognitive Appraisal with Decision-Theoretic Agents},
author={David V. Pynadath and Mei Si and Stacy C. Marsella},
booktitle={Social emotions in nature and artifact},
editor={Gratch, J. and Marsella, S.},
category={Emotion Modeling},
year={2013},
publisher={Oxford University Press},
basefilename={pynadathToM}
}

Christensen, Miller, Appleby, Corsbie-Massay, Godoy, Marsella, and Read, “Reducing shame in a game that predicts hiv risk reduction for young adult msm: a randomized trial delivered nationally over the web,” Journal of the international aids society, vol. 16, 2013.
[Bibtex]

@article{Christensen_JIADS2013,
year={2013},
journal={Journal of the International AIDS Society},
title={Reducing shame in a game that predicts HIV risk reduction for young adult MSM: a randomized trial delivered nationally over the web},
author={Christensen and Miller and Appleby and Corsbie-Massay and Godoy and Marsella and Read},
volume={16},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/JIAS-16-18716.pdf},
category={Interactive Drama},
basefilename={Christensen_JIADS2013}
}

D. V. Pynadath and S. C. Marsella, “Socio-cultural modeling through decision-theoretic agents with theory of mind,” Advances in design for cross-cultural activities, vol. 2, pp. 417-426, 2013.
[Bibtex]

@article{pynadathadcca,
year={2013},
title={Socio-Cultural Modeling through Decision-Theoretic Agents with Theory of Mind},
author={David V. Pynadath and Stacy C. Marsella},
journal={Advances in Design for Cross-Cultural Activities},
volume={2},
pages={417-426},
category={Social Simulation},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/ccdm12.pdf},
basefilename={pynadathadcca}
}

D. Pynadath, P. Rosenbloom, S. Marsella, and L. Li, “Modeling two-player games in the sigma graphical cognitive architecture,” in Artificial general intelligence, 2013.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{pynadathagi13,
year={2013},
booktitle={Artificial General Intelligence},
title={Modeling Two-Player Games in the Sigma Graphical Cognitive Architecture},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/Pynadath_AGI2013.pdf},
author={Pynadath, David and Rosenbloom, Paul and Marsella, Stacy and Li, Lingshan},
category={Social Simulation},
basefilename={pynadathagi13}
}

2012

J. Tsai, E. Bowring, S. Marsella, W. Wood, and M. Tambe, “A study of emotional contagion with virtual characters,” in The 12th international conference on intelligent virtual agents (iva), 2012.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{TsaiIVA12,
author={Jason Tsai and Emma Bowring and Stacy Marsella and Wendy Wood and Milind Tambe},
title={A Study of Emotional Contagion with Virtual Characters},
booktitle={The 12th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA)},
year={2012},
volume={},
number={},
pages={},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/TsaiIVA12.pdf},
basefilename={TsaiIVA12},
category={Social Simulation},
}

C. Chiu and S. Marsella, “Subjective optimization,” in The 12th international conference on intelligent virtual agents (iva), 2012.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{ChengIVA12,
author={Chung-Cheng Chiu and Stacy Marsella},
title={Subjective Optimization},
booktitle={The 12th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA)},
year={2012},
volume={},
number={},
pages={},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/ChengIVA12.pdf},
basefilename={ChengIVA12},
category={Virtual Humans},
}

S. Scherer, S. Marsella, G. Stratou, Y. Xu, F. Morbini, A. Egan, A. (. Rizzo, and L. Morency, “Perception markup language towards a standardized representation of perceived nonverbal behaviors,” in The 12th international conference on intelligent virtual agents (iva), 2012.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{SchererIVA12,
author={Stefan Scherer and Stacy Marsella and Giota Stratou and Yuyu Xu and Fabrizio Morbini and Alesia Egan and Albert (Skip) Rizzo and Louis-Philippe Morency},
title={Perception Markup Language Towards a Standardized Representation of Perceived Nonverbal Behaviors},
booktitle={The 12th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA)},
year={2012},
volume={},
number={},
pages={},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/SchererIVA12.pdf},
basefilename={SchererIVA12},
category={Virtual Humans},
}

D. Traum, D. DeVault, J. Lee, Z. Wang, and S. Marsella, “Incremental dialogue understanding and feedback for multiparty, multimodal conversation,” in The 12th international conference on intelligent virtual agents (iva), 2012.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{TraumIVA12,
author={David Traum and David DeVault and Jina Lee and Zhiyang Wang and Stacy Marsella},
title={Incremental Dialogue Understanding and Feedback for Multiparty, Multimodal Conversation},
booktitle={The 12th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA)},
year={2012},
volume={},
number={},
pages={},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/TraumIVA12.pdf},
basefilename={TraumIVA12},
category={Virtual Humans},
}

J. Lee and S. Marsella, “Modeling speaker behavior a comparison of two approaches,” in The 12th international conference on intelligent virtual agents (iva), 2012.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{LeeIVA12,
author={Jina Lee and Stacy Marsella},
title={Modeling Speaker Behavior A Comparison of Two Approaches},
booktitle={The 12th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA)},
year={2012},
volume={},
number={},
pages={},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/LeeIVA12.pdf},
basefilename={LeeIVA12},
category={Virtual Humans},
}

N. Wang, D. Pynadath, and S. Marsella, “Toward automatic verification of multiagent systems for training simulations,” in Proceedings of the international conference on intelligent tutoring systems, Greece, 2012, pp. 151-161.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{WangITS12,
author={Ning Wang and David Pynadath and Stacy Marsella},
title={Toward Automatic Verification of Multiagent Systems for Training Simulations},
booktitle={Proceedings of the International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems},
year={2012},
address={Greece},
pages={151-161},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/its12.pdf},
category={Social Simulation},
basefilename={WangITS12}
}

2011

J. Tsai, N. Fridman, E. Bowring, M. Brown, S. Epstein, G. Kaminka, S. Marsella, A. Ogden, I. Rika, A. Sheel, M. Taylor, X. Wang, A. Zilka, and M. Tambe, “Escapes – evacuation simulation with children, authorities, parents, emotions, and social comparison,” in In proceedings of the tenth international joint conference on autonomous agents and multi-agent systems, 2011.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{TsaiAAMAS11,
author={Jason Tsai and Natalie Fridman and Emma Bowring and Matthew Brown and Shira Epstein and Gal Kaminka and Stacy Marsella and Andrew Ogden and Inbal Rika and Ankur Sheel and Matthew Taylor and Xuezhi Wang and Avishay Zilka and Milind Tambe},
title={ESCAPES - Evacuation Simulation with Children, Authorities, Parents, Emotions, and Social comparison},
booktitle={In Proceedings of the Tenth International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multi-agent Systems},
year={2011},
month={May},
volume={},
number={},
pages={},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/TsaiAAMAS11.pdf},
basefilename={TsaiAAMAS11},
category={Social Simulation},
}

C. Chiu and S. Marsella, “A style controller for generating virtual human behaviors,” in The 10th international conference on autonomous agents and multiagent systems (aamas), 2011.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{ChengAAMAS11,
author={Chung-Cheng Chiu and Stacy Marsella},
title={A style controller for generating virtual human behaviors},
booktitle={The 10th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS)},
year={2011},
volume={},
number={},
pages={},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/ChengAAMAS11.pdf},
basefilename={ChengAAMAS11},
category={Virtual Humans},
}

J. Tsai, E. Bowring, S. Marsella, and M. Tambe, “Evaluating computational models of emotional contagion,” in Proceedings of the 11th international conference on intelligent virtual agents,\bf (Best Paper), 2011.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{TsaiIVA11,
author={Jason Tsai and Emma Bowring and Stacy Marsella and Milind Tambe},
title={Evaluating Computational Models of Emotional Contagion},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents,{\bf (Best Paper)}},
year={2011},
volume={},
number={},
pages={},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/TsaiIVA11.pdf},
basefilename={TsaiIVA11},
category={Social Simulation},
}

C. Chiu and S. Marsella, “How to train your avatar a data driven approach to gesture generation,” in The 11th international conference on intelligent virtual agents (iva), 2011.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{ChengIVA11,
author={Chung-Cheng Chiu and Stacy Marsella},
title={How to train your avatar a data driven approach to gesture generation},
booktitle={The 11th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA)},
year={2011},
volume={},
number={},
pages={},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/ChengIVA11.pdf},
basefilename={ChengIVA11},
category={Virtual Humans},
}

J. Lee and S. Marsella, “Modeling side participants and bystanders,” in The 11th international conference on intelligent virtual agents (iva), 2011.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{LeeIVA11,
author={Jina Lee and Stacy Marsella},
title={Modeling Side Participants and Bystanders},
booktitle={The 11th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA)},
year={2011},
volume={},
number={},
pages={},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/LeeIVA11.pdf},
basefilename={LeeIVA11},
category={Virtual Humans},
}

J. Klatt, S. Marsella, and N. Kramer, “Negotiations in the context of aids prevention an agent-based model using theory of mind,” in The 11th international conference on intelligent virtual agents (iva), 2011., 2011.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{KlattIVA2011,
author={Jennifer Klatt and Stacy Marsella and Nicole Kramer},
title={Negotiations in the Context of AIDS Prevention an Agent-based Model using Theory of MInd},
booktitle={The 11th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA), 2011.},
year={2011},
volume={},
number={},
pages={},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/KlattIVA2011.pdf},
basefilename={KlattIVA2011},
category={Interactive Drama},
}

L. Miller, S. Marsella, T. Dey, P. R. Appleby, J. Christensen, J. Klatt, and S. Read, “Socially optimized learning in virtual environments (solve),” in In proceedings of the 4th international conference on interactive digital storytelling, vancouver, canada, 2011.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{MillerIVA2011,
author={Lynn Miller and Stacy Marsella and Teresa Dey and Paul Robert Appleby and John Christensen and Jennifer Klatt and Stephen Read},
title={Socially Optimized Learning in Virtual Environments (SOLVE)},
booktitle={In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Interactive Digital Storytelling, Vancouver, Canada},
year={2011},
volume={},
number={},
pages={},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/MillerIVA2011.pdf},
basefilename={MillerIVA2011},
category={Interactive Drama},
}

Z. Wang, J. Lee, and S. Marsella, “Towards more comprehensive listening behavior beyond the bobble head,” in The 11th international conference on intelligent virtual agents (iva), 2011.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{WangIVA11,
author={Zhiyang Wang and Jina Lee and Stacy Marsella},
title={Towards More Comprehensive Listening Behavior Beyond the Bobble Head},
booktitle={The 11th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA)},
year={2011},
volume={},
number={},
pages={},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/WangIVA11.pdf},
basefilename={WangIVA11},
category={Virtual Humans},
}

J. Y. Ito and S. C. Marsella, “Contextually-based utility an appraisal-based approach at modeling framing and decisions,” in Proceedings of the twenty-fifth AAAI conference on artificial intelligence, august 7-11, 2011, san francisco, ca, united states, 2011.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{ito2011contextually,
author = {Jonathan Y. Ito and Stacy C. Marsella},
title = {Contextually-Based Utility An Appraisal-Based Approach at Modeling Framing and Decisions},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth {AAAI} Conference on Artificial Intelligence, August 7-11, 2011, San Francisco, CA, United States},
publisher = {AAAI Press},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/ito2011contextually.pdf},
basefilename={ito2011contextually},
category={Emotion Modeling},
year = {2011},
abstract = {Creating accurate computational models of human decision making is a vital step towards the realization of socially intelligent systems capable of both predicting and simulating human behavior. In modeling human decision making, a key factor is the psychological phenomenon known as ``framing'', in which the preferences of a decision maker change in response to contextual changes in decision problems. Existing approaches treat framing as a one-dimensional contextual influence based on the perception of outcomes as either gains or losses. However, empirical studies have shown that framing effects are much more multifaceted than one-dimensional views of framing suggest. To address this limitation, we propose an integrative approach to modeling framing which combines the psychological principles of cognitive appraisal theories and decision-theoretic notions of utility and probability. We show that this approach allows for both the identification and computation of the salient contextual factors in a decision as well as modeling how they ultimately affect the decision process. Furthermore, we show that our multi-dimensional, appraisal-based approach can account for framing effects identified in the empirical literature which cannot be addressed by one-dimensional theories, thereby promising more accurate models of human behavior.},
}

2010

J. Ito, D. Pynadath, and S. Marsella, “Modeling self-deception within a decision-theoretic framework,” Journal of autonomous agents and multi-agent systems, vol. 20, iss. 1, pp. 3-13, 2010.
[Bibtex]

@article{ItoJAAMAS10,
author={Jonathan Ito and David Pynadath and Stacy Marsella},
title={Modeling Self-Deception within a Decision-Theoretic Framework},
journal={Journal of Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems},
year={2010},
volume={20},
number={1},
pages={3-13},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/ItoJAAMAS09.pdf},
basefilename={ItoJAAMAS10},
month = {Jan},
abstract = {Computational modeling of human belief maintenance and decision-making
processes has become increasingly important for a wide range of applications.
In this paper, we present a framework for modeling the human capacity
for self-deception from a decision-theoretic perspective in which
we describe an integrated process of wishful thinking which includes
the determination of a desired belief state, the biasing of internal
beliefs towards or away from this desired belief state, and the final
decision-making process. Finally, we show that in certain situations
self-deception can be beneficial.},
doi = {10.1007/s10458-009-9096-7},
category={Emotion Modeling},
}

M. Si, S. Marsella, and D. Pynadath, “Evaluating directorial control in a character-centric interactive narrative framework,” in In proceedings of autonomous agents and multiagent systems, aamas, 2010.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{SiAAMAS2010,
author={Mei Si and Stacy Marsella and David Pynadath},
title={Evaluating Directorial Control in a Character-Centric Interactive Narrative Framework},
booktitle={In Proceedings of Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, AAMAS},
year={2010},
volume={},
number={},
pages={},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/SiAAMAS2010.pdf},
basefilename={SiAAMAS2010},
category={Interactive Drama},
}

M. Si, S. Marsella, and D. Pynadath, “Importance of well motivated characters in interactive narratives an empirical evaluation,” in Proceedings of the international conference on interactive digital storytelling, 2010, pp. 16-25.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{SiICIDS10,
author={Mei Si and Stacy Marsella and David Pynadath},
title={Importance of well motivated characters in interactive narratives An empirical Evaluation},
booktitle={Proceedings of the International Conference on Interactive Digital Storytelling},
year={2010},
volume={},
number={},
pages={16-25},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/SiICIDS10.pdf},
basefilename={SiICIDS10},
category={Interactive Drama},
}

S. Marsella, J. Gratch, and P. Petta, “Computational models of emotion,” in Blueprint for affective computing (series in affective science), Oxford university press, 2010.
[Bibtex]

@incollection{MarGraPet,
author={Stacy Marsella and Jonathan Gratch and Paulo Petta},
title={Computational Models of Emotion},
editors={K.R. Scherer and T. Banziger and E. Roesch},
booktitle={Blueprint for Affective Computing (Series in Affective Science)},
publisher = {Oxford University Press},
year={2010},
volume={},
number={},
pages={},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/MarGraPet_Review.pdf},
basefilename={MarGraPet_Review},
category={Emotion Modeling},
}

J. Lee, Z. Wang, and S. Marsella, “Evaluating models of speaker head nods,” in The 9th international conference on autonomous agents and multiagent systems (aamas), 2010.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{LeeAAMAS10,
author={Jina Lee and Zhiyang Wang and Stacy Marsella},
title={Evaluating Models of Speaker Head Nods},
booktitle={The 9th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS)},
year={2010},
volume={},
number={},
pages={},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/LeeAAMAS10.pdf},
basefilename={LeeAAMAS10},
category={Virtual Humans},
}

B. Lance and S. Marsella, “Glances, glares, and glowering how should a virtual human express emotion through gaze?,” Journal of autonomous agents and multiagent systems, vol. 20, iss. 1, pp. 50-69, 2010.
[Bibtex]

@article{LanceJAAMAS10,
author={Brent Lance and Stacy Marsella},
title={Glances, Glares, and Glowering How Should a Virtual Human Express Emotion Through Gaze?},
journal={Journal of Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems},
year={2010},
volume={20},
number={1},
pages={50-69},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/LanceJAAMAS09.pdf},
basefilename={LanceJAAMAS09},
category={Virtual Humans},
abstract= {Gaze is an extremely powerful expressive signal that is used for many purposes,
from expressing emotion to regulating human interaction. The use of gaze as
a signal has been exploited to strong effect in hand-animated characters, greatly enhancing
the believability of the character’s simulated life. However, virtual humans
animated in real-time have been less successful at using expressive gaze. One reason
for this is that a gaze shift towards any speciﬁc target can be performed in many
different ways, using many different expressive manners of gaze, each of which can
potentially imply a different emotional or cognitive internal state. However, there is
currently no mapping that describes how a user will attribute these internal states to
a virtual character performing a gaze shift in a particular manner. In this paper, we
begin to address this by providing the results of an empirical study that explores the
mapping between an observer’s attribution of emotional state to gaze. The purpose of
this mapping is to allow for an interactive virtual human to generate believable gaze
shifts that a user will attribute a desired emotional state to. We have generated a set of
animations by composing low-level gaze attributes culled from the nonverbal behavior
literature. Then, subjects judged the animations displaying these attributes. While the
results do not provide a complete mapping between gaze and emotion, they do provide
a basis for a generative model of expressive gaze.},
}

J. Lee and S. Marsella, “Predicting speaker head nods and the effects of affective information,” Ieee transactions on multimedia, vol. 12, iss. 6, 2010.
[Bibtex]

@article{LeeIEEE10,
author={Jina Lee and Stacy Marsella},
title={Predicting Speaker Head Nods and the Effects of Affective Information},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Multimedia},
year={2010},
volume={12},
number={6},
pages={},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/LeeIEEE10.pdf},
basefilename={LeeIEEE10},
category={Virtual Humans},
}

M. Si, S. Marsella, and D. Pynadath, “Modeling appraisal in Theory of Mind Reasoning,” Journal of autonomous agents and multi-agent systems, vol. 20, iss. 1, pp. 14-31, 2010.
[Bibtex]

@article{SiJAAMAS10,
author={Mei Si and Stacy Marsella and David Pynadath},
title={{Modeling appraisal in Theory of Mind Reasoning}},
category={Emotion Modeling},
journal={Journal of Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/SiJAAMAS09.pdf},
basefilename={SiJAAMAS09},
volume={20},
number={1},
pages={14-31},
abstract= {Cognitive appraisal theories, which link human emotional experience to their interpretations of events happening in the environment, are leading approaches to model emotions. Cognitive appraisal theories have often been used both for simulating "real emotions" in virtual characters and for predicting the human user’s emotional experience to facilitate human–computer interaction. In this work, we investigate the computational modeling of appraisal in a multi-agent decision-theoretic framework using Partially Observable Markov Decision Process-based (POMDP) agents. Domain-independent approaches are developed for five key appraisal dimensions (motivational relevance, motivation congruence, accountability, control and novelty). We also discuss how the modeling of theory of mind (recursive beliefs about self and others) is realized in the agents and is critical for simulating social emotions. Our model of appraisal is applied to three different scenarios to illustrate its usages. This work not only provides a solution for computationally modeling emotion in POMDPbased agents, but also illustrates the tight relationship between emotion and cognition—the appraisal dimensions are derived from the processes and information required for the agent’s decision-making and beliefmaintenance processes, which suggests a uniform cognitive structure for emotion and cognition},
year=2010}

B. Lance and S. Marsella, “The expressive gaze model using gaze to express emotion,” Ieee computer graphics and applications, vol. 30, iss. 4, pp. 62-73, 2010.
[Bibtex]

@article{LanceIEEE10,
author={Brent Lance and Stacy Marsella},
title={The Expressive Gaze Model Using Gaze to Express Emotion},
journal={IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications},
year={2010},
volume={30},
number={4},
pages={62-73},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/LanceIEEE10},
basefilename={LanceIEEE10},
category={Virtual Humans},
}

2009

M. Thiebaux, B. Lance, and S. Marsella, “Real-Time Expressive Gaze Animation for Virtual Humans,” in 8th international conference on autonomous agents and multi-agent systems (aamas), Budapest, Hungary, 2009.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{ThiebauxAAMAS09,
author={Marcus Thiebaux and Brent Lance and Stacy Marsella},
title={{Real-Time Expressive Gaze Animation for Virtual Humans}},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/ThiebauxAAMAS09.pdf},
basefilename={ThiebauxAAMAS09},
category={Virtual Humans},
booktitle={8th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems (AAMAS)},
year={2009},
month={May},
address={Budapest, Hungary},
abstract = {Gaze is an extremely important aspect of human face
to face interaction. Over the course of an interaction,
a single individual’s gaze can perform many different
functions, such as regulating communication, expressing
emotion, and attending to task performance. When
gaze shifts occur, where they are directed, and how
they are performed all provide critical information to
an observer of the gaze shift. The goal of this work is to
allow virtual humans to mimic the gaze capabilities of
humans in face to face interaction. This paper introduces
the SmartBody Gaze Controller (SBGC), a highly
versatile framework for realizing various manners of
gaze through a rich set of input parameters. Using these
parameters, the SBCG controls aspects of movement
such as velocity, postural bias, and the selection of
joints committed to a particular gaze task. We provide a
preliminary implementation that demonstrates how related
work on the Expressive Gaze Model (EGM) can
be used to inform management of these input parameters.
The EGM is a model for manipulating the style of
gaze shifts for the purpose of expressing emotion.
The SBGC is fully compatible with all aspects of the
SmartBody system.},
}

J. Y. Ito, D. V. Pynadath, and S. C. Marsella, “Self-deceptive decision making normative and descriptive insights,” in Proceedings of the conference on autonomous agents and multiagent systems AAMAS, 2009.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{ItoAAMAS09,
author = {Jonathan Y. Ito and David V. Pynadath and Stacy C. Marsella},
title = {Self-Deceptive Decision Making Normative and Descriptive Insights},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems {AAMAS}},
year = {2009},
category = {Emotion Modeling},
pages = {},
editor = {},
publisher = {},
series = {},
volume = {},
month = {May},
basefilename={ItoAAMAS09},
url = {http://ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/ItoAAMAS09.pdf},
abstract = {Computational modeling of human belief maintenance and decision-making processes has become increasingly important for a wide range of applications. We present a framework for modeling the psychological phenomenon of self-deception in a decision-theoretic framework. Specifically, we model the self-deceptive behavior of wishful thinking as a psychological bias towards the belief in a particularly desirable situation or state. By leveraging the structures and axioms of expected utility (EU) we are able to operationalize both the determination and the application of the desired belief state with respect to the decision-making process of expected utility maximization. While we categorize our framework as a descriptive model of human decision making, we show that when specific errors are present, the realized expected utility of an action biased by wishful thinking can exceed that of an action motivated purely by the maximization of expected utility. Finally, in order to provide a descriptive characterization of our framework, we present a discussion of wishful thinking with respect to the Certainty Effect and the Allais Paradox, two specific documented inconsistencies of human behavior. In this discussion we show that our framework has the descriptive flexibility needed to account for both the Certainty Effect and Allais Paradoxes.},
}

J. Lee, A. Neviarouskaya, H. Prendinger, and S. Marsella, “Learning models of speaker head nods with affective information,” in Proceedings of acii, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 2009.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{JinaACII09,
author={Jina Lee and Alena Neviarouskaya and Helmut Prendinger and Stacy Marsella},
title={Learning Models of Speaker Head Nods with Affective Information},
booktitle={Proceedings of ACII},
category={Virtual Humans},
address={Amsterdam, Netherlands},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/JinaACII09.pdf},
basefilename={JinaACII09},
abstract={During face-to-face conversation, the speaker’s head is
continually in motion. These movements serve a variety of
important communicative functions, and may also be influenced
by our emotions. The goal for this work is to build
a domain-independent model of speaker’s head movements
and investigate the effect of using affective information during
the learning process. Once the model is learned, it can
later be used to generate head movements for virtual agents.
In this paper, we describe our machine-learning approach
to predict speaker’s head nods using an annotated corpora
of face-to-face human interaction and emotion labels generated
by an affect recognition model. We describe the feature
selection process, training process, and the comparison of
results of the learned models under varying conditions. The
results show that using affective information can help predict
head nods better than when no affective information is
used.},
year={2009}
}

J. Gratch, S. Marsella, N. Wang, and B. Stankovic, “Assessing the validity of appraisal-based models of emotion,” in Proceedings of acii, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 2009.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{GratchACII09,
author={Jonathan Gratch and Stacy Marsella and Ning Wang and Brooke Stankovic},
title={Assessing the validity of appraisal-based models of emotion},
booktitle={Proceedings of ACII},
category={Emotion Modeling},
address={Amsterdam, Netherlands},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/ACII09-appraisal.pdf},
basefilename={ACII09-appraisal},
year={2009}
}

J. Gratch and S. Marsella, “Modeling the cognitive antecedents and consequences of emotion,” Journal of cognitive systems research, vol. 10, iss. 1, pp. 1-5, 2009.
[Bibtex]

@article{GratchCSR09,
author={Jonathan Gratch and Stacy Marsella},
title={{Modeling the cognitive antecedents and consequences of emotion}},
category={Emotion Modeling},
journal={Journal of Cognitive Systems Research},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages={1-5},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/GratchCSR09.pdf},
basefilename={GratchCSR09},
downloads={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/GratchCSR09_draft.pdf Draft Version; http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6W6C-4SV5VB9-1&_user=1181656&_coverDate=03%2F31%2F2009&_rdoc=2&_fmt=high&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%236595%232009%23999899998%23739136%23FLA%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=6595&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=7&_acct=C000051901&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1181656&md5=31bc0aa628abbfb17a4fa3081ca5243b Published Version},
year=2009}

J. Lee, A. Neviarouskaya, H. Prendinger, and S. Marsella, “Learning models of speaker head nods with affective information,” in Proceedings of acii, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 2009.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{JinaACII09,
author={Jina Lee and Alena Neviarouskaya and Helmut Prendinger and Stacy Marsella},
title={Learning Models of Speaker Head Nods with Affective Information},
booktitle={Proceedings of ACII},
category={Emotion Modeling},
address={Amsterdam, Netherlands},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/JinaACII09.pdf},
basefilename={JinaACII09},
abstract={During face-to-face conversation, the speaker’s head is
continually in motion. These movements serve a variety of
important communicative functions, and may also be influenced
by our emotions. The goal for this work is to build
a domain-independent model of speaker’s head movements
and investigate the effect of using affective information during
the learning process. Once the model is learned, it can
later be used to generate head movements for virtual agents.
In this paper, we describe our machine-learning approach
to predict speaker’s head nods using an annotated corpora
of face-to-face human interaction and emotion labels generated
by an affect recognition model. We describe the feature
selection process, training process, and the comparison of
results of the learned models under varying conditions. The
results show that using affective information can help predict
head nods better than when no affective information is
used.},
year={2009}
}

J. Lee and S. Marsella, “Learning a model of speaker head nods using gesture corpora,” in 8th international conference on autonomous agents and multi-agent systems AAMAS, 2009.
[Bibtex]

@INPROCEEDINGS{LeeM09,
author = {Jina Lee and Stacy Marsella},
title = {Learning a Model of Speaker Head Nods using Gesture Corpora},
booktitle = {8th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems {AAMAS}},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/Lee_AAMAS2009.pdf},
year = {2009},
basefilename={Lee_AAMAS2009},
category = {Virtual Humans},
abstract = {During face-to-face conversation, the speaker's head is continually in motion. These movements serve a variety of important communicative functions. Our goal is to develop a model of the speaker's head movements that can be used to generate head movements for virtual agents based on gesture annotation corpora. In this paper, we focus on the first step of the head movement generation process predicting when the speaker should use head nods. We describe our machine-learning approach that creates a head nod model from annotated corpora of face-to-face human interaction, relying on the linguistic features of the surface text. We also describe the feature selection process, training process, and the evaluation of the learned model with test data in detail. The result shows that the model is able to predict head nods with high precision and recall.},
}

S. Marsella, J. Gratch, N. Wang, and B. Stankovic, “Assessing the validity of a computational model of emotional coping,” in Proceedings of acii, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 2009.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{MarsellaACII09,
author={Stacy Marsella and Jonathan Gratch and Ning Wang and Brooke Stankovic},
title={Assessing the validity of a computational model of emotional coping},
booktitle={Proceedings of ACII},
category={Emotion Modeling},
address={Amsterdam, Netherlands},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/ACII09-coping.pdf},
basefilename={ACII09-coping},
year={2009}
}

M. Thiebaux, B. Lance, and S. Marsella, “Real-time expressive gaze animation for virtual humans,” in Proeedings of 8th international conference on autonomous agents and multi-agent systems (aamas), 2009.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{ThiebauxAAMAS09,
author={Marcus Thiebaux and Brent Lance and Stacy Marsella},
title={Real-Time Expressive Gaze Animation for Virtual Humans},
booktitle={Proeedings of 8th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems (AAMAS)},
year={2009},
volume={},
number={},
pages={},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/ThiebauxAAMAS09.pdf},
basefilename={ThiebauxAAMAS09},
category={Virtual Humans},
}

M. Si, S. Marsella, and D. Pynadath, “Directorial control in a decision-theoretic framework for interactive narrative,” in Proceedings of international conference on interactive digital storytelling, \bf Best Paper Award, Guimarães, Portugal, 2009.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{SiICIDS09,
author={Mei Si and Stacy Marsella and David Pynadath},
title={Directorial Control in a Decision-Theoretic Framework for Interactive Narrative},
booktitle={Proceedings of International Conference on Interactive Digital Storytelling, {\bf Best Paper Award}},
year={2009},
address={Guimarães, Portugal},
volume={},
number={},
pages={},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/SiICIDS09.pdf},
basefilename={SiICIDS09},
category={Interactive Drama},
}

J. Lee and S. Marsella, “Learning a model of speaker head nods using gesture corpora,” in The 8th international conference on autonomous agents and multiagent systems (aamas), budapest, hungary. pp 189-296., Budapest, Hungary, 2009.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{Lee_AAMAS09,
author={Jina Lee and Stacy Marsella},
title={Learning a Model of Speaker Head Nods using Gesture Corpora},
booktitle={The 8th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS), Budapest, Hungary. pp 189-296.},
year={2009},
address={Budapest, Hungary},
volume={},
number={},
pages={},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/Lee_AAMAS09.pdf},
basefilename={Lee_AAMAS09},
category={Virtual Humans},
}

J. Lee, A. Neviarouskaya, H. Prendinger, and S. Marsella, “Learning models of speaker head nods with affective information,” in The 3rd international conference on affective computing and intelligent interaction (acii), Amsterdam, Netherlands, 2009.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{LeeACII09,
author={Jina Lee and A Neviarouskaya and H Prendinger and Stacy Marsella},
title={Learning Models of Speaker Head Nods with Affective Information},
booktitle={The 3rd International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction (ACII)},
year={2009},
address={Amsterdam, Netherlands},
volume={},
number={},
pages={},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/LeeACII09.pdf},
basefilename={LeeACII09},
category={Virtual Humans},
}

S. Marsella and J. Gratch, “Ema a process model of appraisal dynamics,” Journal of cognitive systems research, vol. 10, iss. 1, pp. 70-90, 2009.
[Bibtex]

@article{MarsellaCSR09,
author={Stacy Marsella and Jonathan Gratch},
title={EMA A process model of appraisal dynamics},
category={Emotion Modeling},
journal={Journal of Cognitive Systems Research},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages={70-90},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/MarsellaCSR09.pdf},
basefilename={MarsellaCSR09},
downloads={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/MarsellaCSR09_draft.pdf Draft Version; http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6W6C-4SX9G35-1&_user=1181656&_coverDate=03%2F31%2F2009&_rdoc=7&_fmt=high&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%236595%232009%23999899998%23739136%23FLA%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=6595&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=7&_acct=C000051901&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1181656&md5=9efd0a164548f9215284c3bba9c10dd6 Published Version},
year=2009}

J. Kim, R. Hill, P. Durlach, H. Lane, E. Forbell, M. Core, S. Marsella, D. Pynadath, and J. and Hart, “Bilat: a game-based environment for practicing negotiation in a cultural context. special issue on ill-defined domains,” International journal of ai in education, vol. 19, iss. 3, pp. 289-308, 2009.
[Bibtex]

@article{kimijaied2009,
year={2009},
journal={International Journal of AI in Education},
title={BiLAT: A Game-Based Environment for Practicing Negotiation in a Cultural Context. Special Issue on Ill-Defined Domains},
author={Kim, J. and Hill, R. and Durlach, P. and Lane, H. and Forbell, E. and Core, M. and Marsella, S. and Pynadath, D. and and Hart, J.},
pages={289-308},
volume={19},
number={3},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/kimIJAIED.pdf},
category={Virtual Humans},
basefilename={kimijaied09}
}

2008

M. Si, S. C. Marsella, and M. Riedl, “Integrating plot-centric and character-centric processes for authoring interactive drama,” in 4th artificial intelligence for interactive digital entertainment conference (aiide), Palo Alto, Ca, 2008.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{SiAIIDE08,
author={Si, Mei and Marsella, Stacy C. and Riedl, Mark.O. },
title={Integrating Plot-Centric and Character-Centric Processes for Authoring Interactive Drama},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/SiAIIDE08.pdf},
basefilename={SiAIIDE08},
booktitle={4th Artificial Intelligence for Interactive Digital Entertainment Conference (AIIDE)},
year={2008},
month={October},
category={Interactive Drama},
address={Palo Alto, Ca},
abstract = {Computer aided interactive drama has been widely applied for entertainment and pedagogy. Most existing approaches for authoring interactive drama use either story-centric or character-centric processes. In this work, we present a new framework that integrates both types of processes to support authoring. This framework uses a multi-agent system to control virtual characters in a story. The characters motivations are encoded as the agents goals, and are configured based on well-structured story paths generated using a partial order planner. This framework allows the use of a planner that models the story at a more abstract level than the multi-agent system, and thus avoids the effort of building equivalent models of the story using both the planner and the multi-agent system. We explore the use of this new framework for authoring interactive dramas. Preliminary examples of application are presented.},
}

M. Si, S. C. Marsella, and D. V. Pynadath, “Modeling appraisal in theory of mind reasoning,” in Iva, Tokyo, Japan, 2008.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{SiIVA08,
author={Si, Mei and Marsella, Stacy C. and Pynadath, David V.},
title={Modeling Appraisal in Theory of Mind Reasoning},
booktitle={IVA},
category={Emotion Modeling},
address={Tokyo, Japan},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/SiIVA08.pdf},
basefilename={SiIVA08},
year={2008},
month = {September},
abstract = {Cognitive appraisal theories, which link human emotional
experience to their interpretations of events happening in the environment, are leading approaches to model emotions. In this paper, we investigate the computational modeling of appraisal in a multi-agent decision-
theoretic framework using POMDP based agents. We illustrate how
B/ve key appraisal dimensions (motivational relevance, motivation congruence, accountability, control and novelty) can be derived from the
processes and information required for the agent's decision-making and
belief maintenance. Through this illustration, we not only provide a solution for computationally modeling emotion in POMDP based agents,
but also demonstrate the tight relationship between emotion and cognition. Our model of appraisal is applied to three diB.erent scenarios to
illustrate its usage. We also discuss how the modeling of theory of mind
(recursive beliefs about self and others) is critical for simulating social
emotions.},
}

B. Lance and S. Marsella, “The Relation between Gaze Behavior and the Attribution of Emotion An Empirical Study,” in 8th international conference on intelligent virtual agents (iva), Tokyo, Japan, 2008.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{LanceIVA08,
author={Brent Lance and Stacy Marsella},
title={{The Relation between Gaze Behavior and the Attribution of Emotion An Empirical Study}},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/LanceIVA08.pdf},
basefilename={LanceIVA08},
category={Virtual Humans},
booktitle={8th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA)},
year={2008},
month={September},
address={Tokyo, Japan},
}

J. Y. Ito, D. V. Pynadath, and S. C. Marsella, “Modeling self-deception within a decision-theoretic framework,” in Proceedings of the conference of intelligent virtual agents IVA, 2008, pp. 322-333.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{ItoIVA08,
author = {Jonathan Y. Ito and David V. Pynadath and Stacy C. Marsella},
title = {Modeling Self-Deception within a Decision-Theoretic Framework},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference of Intelligent Virtual Agents {IVA}},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/ItoIVA08.pdf},
basefilename={ItoIVA08},
pages = {322-333},
month = {September},
category={Emotion Modeling},
year = {2008},
abstract = {Computational modeling of human belief maintenance and decision-making processes has become increasingly important for a wide range of applications. In this paper, we present a framework for modeling the human capacity for self-deception from a decision-theoretic perspective in which we describe processes for determining a desired belief state, the biasing of internal beliefs towards the desired belief state, and the actual decision-making process based upon the integrated biases. Furthermore, we show that in some situations self-deception can be beneficial.},
}

B. Lance and S. Marsella, “A Model of Gaze for the Purpose of Emotional Expression in Virtual Embodied Agents,” in 7th international conference on autonomous agents and multi-agent systems (aamas), 2008.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{LanceAAMAS08,
author={Brent Lance and Stacy Marsella},
title={{A Model of Gaze for the Purpose of Emotional Expression in Virtual Embodied Agents}},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/LanceAAMAS08.pdf},
basefilename={LanceAAMAS08},
category={Virtual Humans},
booktitle={7th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems (AAMAS)},
year={2008},
month={May},
}

M. Si, S. C. Marsella, and M. Riedl, “Interactive drama authoring with plot and character an intelligent system that fosters creativity,” in Aaai spring symposium on creative intelligent systems, Palo Alto, Ca, 2008.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{SiAAAISpring08,
author={Si, Mei and Marsella, Stacy C. and Riedl, Mark.O. },
title={Interactive Drama Authoring with Plot and Character An Intelligent System that Fosters Creativity},
booktitle={AAAI Spring Symposium on Creative Intelligent Systems},
year={2008},
month={March},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/SiSS08.pdf},
basefilename={SiSS08},
category={Interactive Drama},
address={Palo Alto, Ca},
abstract = {Computer-based systems for interactive dramas allow the
user to participate actively in the unfolding of a story in a
virtual world. Various approaches have been explored for
facilitating the human author in creating computer-based interactive
dramas. Most of these approaches can be categorized
as either story-centric or character-centric designs. In
this work, we present a new framework that integrates both
character-centric and story-centric designs to support authoring
of interactive dramas. This framework encourages the
author to think in different levels of abstraction and different
perspectives when designing interactive dramas. In addition,
it works as a colleague to the author by suggesting ideas and
critiquing the author's ideas. We explore the use of this new
framework for fostering the author's creativity in designing
interactive dramas. Preliminary examples of using this new
framework to author an interactive drama are presented, followed
by discussion and future work.},
}

J. Lee, D. DeVault, S. Marsella, and D. R. Traum, Thoughts on fml behavior generation in the virtual human communication architecture, 2008.
[Bibtex]

@Proceedings{AAMAS08LeeDMT,
author = {Jina Lee and
David DeVault and
Stacy Marsella and
David R. Traum },
booktitle = {Proceedings of The First Functional Markup Language Workshop at AAMAS 2008},
title = {Thoughts on FML Behavior Generation in the Virtual Human Communication Architecture},
year = {2008},
category ={Virtual Humans},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/LeeAAMASWS08.pdf},
basefilename = {LeeAAMASWS08},
abstract = {We discuss our current architecture for the generation of natural language and non-verbal behavior in ICT virtual humans. We draw on our experience developing this architecture to present our current perspective on several issues related to the standardization of FML and to the SAIBA framework more generally. In particular, we discuss our current use, and non-use, of FML-inspired representations in generating natural language, eye gaze, and emotional displays. We also comment on some of the shortcomings of our design as currently implemented.},
}

N. Wang, S. Marsella, and T. Hawkins, “Individual Differences in Expressive Response A Challenge for ECA Design,” in Proceedings of autonomous agents and multi-agent systems (aamas), 2008.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{cite20,
author={Ning Wang and Stacy Marsella and T. Hawkins},
title={{Individual Differences in Expressive Response A Challenge for ECA Design}},
category={Virtual Humans},
booktitle={Proceedings of Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems (AAMAS)},
year={2008},
}

D. R. Traum, S. Marsella, J. Gratch, and J. Lee, “Multi-party, multi-issue, multi-strategy negotiation for multi-modal virtual agents,” in 8th international conference on intelligent virtual agents. tokyo japan, 2008, p. 117–130.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{IVA08TraumMGL,
author = {David R. Traum and
Stacy Marsella and
Jonathan Gratch and
Jina Lee},
title = {Multi-party, Multi-issue, Multi-strategy Negotiation for Multi-modal Virtual Agents},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/TraumIVA08.pdf},
basefilename={TraumIVA08},
booktitle={8th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents. Tokyo Japan},
year = {2008},
category ={Virtual Humans},
pages = {117--130},
abstract = {We present a model of negotiation for virtual agents that extends previouswork to be more human-like and applicable to a broader range of situations, including more than two negotiators with different goals, and negotiating over multiple options. The agents can dynamically change their negotiating strategies based on the current values of several parameters and factors that can be updated in the course of the negotiation.We have implemented this model and done preliminary evaluation within a prototype training system and a three-party negotiation with two virtual humans and one human.},
}

M. Thiebaux, A. Marshall, S. Marsella, and M. Kallmann, “SmartBody Behavior Realization for Embodied Conversational Agents,” in Proceedings of autonomous agents and multi-agent systems (aamas), 2008.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{cite18,
author={Marcus Thiebaux and Andrew Marshall and Stacy Marsella and Marcelo Kallmann},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/smartbody08.pdf},
basefilename={smartbody08},
title={{SmartBody Behavior Realization for Embodied Conversational Agents}},
category={Virtual Humans},
booktitle={Proceedings of Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems (AAMAS)},
year={2008},
}

S. Marsella, “Experiences authoring interactive pedagogical dramas,” International journal of continuing engineering education and life-long learning (ijceell), vol. 18, iss. 2, pp. 159-180, 2008.
[Bibtex]

@article{uncite55,
author={Stacy Marsella},
title={Experiences Authoring Interactive Pedagogical Dramas},
journal={International Journal of Continuing Engineering Education and Life-Long Learning (IJCEELL)},
category={Interactive Drama},
volume={18},
number={2},
pages={159-180},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/Marsella_IJCEELL.pdf},
basefilename={Marsella_IJCEELL},
abstract={The focus of this article is the design of Interactive Pedagogical Dramas (IPD). An IPD is a computer generated environment that immerses the learner as an active participant in an engaging, evocative story, populated with animated characters. The story unfolds based on the learner's decisions. The various design issues that are faced in crafting IPDs will be covered. In particular, how pedagogy can be incorporated into the learner's interaction with the narrative will be discussed. The discussion will be illustrated using several existing IPDs. Finally, we will conclude with several observations on the design process for IPDs and possible new directions for this design process.},
year=2008}

2007

B. Lance and S. Marsella, “Emotionally Expressive Head and Body Movements During Gaze Shifts,” in 7th international conference on intelligent virtual agemts, 2007, pp. 72-85.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{LanceIVA07,
author={Brent Lance and Stacy Marsella},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/LanceIVA07.pdf},
basefilename={LanceIVA07},
title={{Emotionally Expressive Head and Body Movements During Gaze Shifts}},
category={Virtual Humans},
booktitle={7th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agemts},
month={September},
pages={72-85},
year={2007},
}

M. Si, S. Marsella, and D. V. Pynadath, “Proactive authoring for interactive drama an author’s assistant,” in 7th international conference on intelligent virtual agents, Paris, France, 2007.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{SiIVA07,
author={Mei Si and Stacy Marsella and David V. Pynadath},
title={Proactive Authoring for Interactive Drama An Author's Assistant},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/SiIVA07.pdf},
basefilename={SiIVA07},
booktitle={7th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents},
category={Interactive Drama},
year={2007},
month={September},
address={Paris, France},
abstract = {Interactive drama allows people to participate actively in a
dynamically unfolding story, by playing a character or by exerting directorial control. One of the central challenges faced in the design of
interactive dramas is how to ensure that the author's goals for the user's
narrative experience are achieved in the face of the user's actions in the
story. This challenge is especially significant when a variety of users are
expected. To address this challenge, we present an extension to Thespian,
an authoring and simulating framework for interactive dramas. Each virtual character is controlled by a decision-theoretic goal driven agent. In
our previous work on Thespian, we provided a semi-automated authoring approach that allows authors to configure virtual characters' goals
through specifying story paths. In this work, we extend Thespian into a
more proactive authoring framework to further reduce authoring effort.
The approach works by simulating potential users' behaviors, generating corresponding story paths, filtering the generated paths to identify
those that seem problematic and prompting the author to verify virtual
characters' behaviors in them. The author can correct virtual characters'
behaviors by modifying story paths. As new story paths are designed by
the author, the system incrementally adjusts virtual characters' configurations to reflect the author's design ideas. Overall, this enables interactive testing and refinement of an interactive drama. The details of this
approach will be presented in this paper, followed by preliminary results
of applying it in authoring an interactive drama.},
}

J. Y. Ito, D. V. Pynadath, and S. C. Marsella, “A decision-theoretic approach to evaluating posterior probabilities of mental models,” in Proceedings of the AAAI workshop on plan, activity, and intent recognition (PAIR-07), 2007, pp. 60-65.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{pair07a,
author = {Jonathan Y. Ito and David V. Pynadath and Stacy C. Marsella},
title = {A Decision-Theoretic Approach to Evaluating Posterior Probabilities of Mental Models},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the {AAAI} Workshop on Plan, Activity, and Intent Recognition ({PAIR}-07) },
pages = {60-65},
editor = {Christopher Geib and David Pynadath},
publisher = {AAAI Press},
series = {AAAI Technical Report},
volume = {WS-07-09},
month = {July},
url = {http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/ItoAAAIWS07.pdf},
baseline = {ItoAAAIWS07},
year = {2007},
category= {Multi-Agent Systems},
abstract = {Agents face the problem of maintaining and updating their beliefs over the possible mental models (whether goals, plans, activities, intentions, etc.) of other agents in many multiagent domains. Decision-theoretic agents typically model their uncertainty in these beliefs as a probability distribution over their possible mental models of others. They then update their beliefs by computing a posterior probability over mental models conditioned on their observations. We present a novel algorithm for performing this belief update over mental models that are in the form of Partially Observable Markov Decision Problems (POMDPs). POMDPs form a common model for decision-theoretic agents, but there is no existing method for translating a POMDP, which generates deterministic behavior, into a probability distribution over actions that is appropriate for abductive reasoning. In this work, we explore alternate methods to generate a more suitable probability distribution. We use a sample multiagent scenario to demonstrate the different behaviors of the approaches and to draw some conclusions about the conditions under which each is successful.},
}

@InProceedings{pair07b,
author = {Jonathan Y. Ito and David V. Pynadath and Stacy C. Marsella},
title = {A Decision-Theoretic Approach to Evaluating Posterior Probabilities of Mental Models},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the {AAAI} Workshop on Plan, Activity, and Intent Recognition ({PAIR}-07) },
pages = {60-65},
editor = {Christopher Geib and David Pynadath},
publisher = {AAAI Press},
series = {AAAI Technical Report},
volume = {WS-07-09},
month = {July},
url = {http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/ItoAAAIWS07.pdf},
baseline = {ItoAAAIWS07},
year = {2007},
category= {Social Simulation},
abstract = {Agents face the problem of maintaining and updating their beliefs over the possible mental models (whether goals, plans, activities, intentions, etc.) of other agents in many multiagent domains. Decision-theoretic agents typically model their uncertainty in these beliefs as a probability distribution over their possible mental models of others. They then update their beliefs by computing a posterior probability over mental models conditioned on their observations. We present a novel algorithm for performing this belief update over mental models that are in the form of Partially Observable Markov Decision Problems (POMDPs). POMDPs form a common model for decision-theoretic agents, but there is no existing method for translating a POMDP, which generates deterministic behavior, into a probability distribution over actions that is appropriate for abductive reasoning. In this work, we explore alternate methods to generate a more suitable probability distribution. We use a sample multiagent scenario to demonstrate the different behaviors of the approaches and to draw some conclusions about the conditions under which each is successful.},
}

D. V. Pynadath and S. C. Marsella, “Derivation of minimal mental models,” in Proceedings of the AISB symposium on mindful environments, 2007, pp. 372-376.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{PynadathAISB07,
author = {David V. Pynadath and Stacy C. Marsella},
title = {Derivation of Minimal Mental Models},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the {AISB} Symposium on Mindful Environments},
pages = {372-376},
year = {2007},
url = {http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~pynadath/Research/Publications/aisb07.pdf},
basefilename={aisb07},
category = {Social Simulation},
annote = {recognition},
}

D. V. Pynadath and S. C. Marsella, “Minimal mental models,” in Proceedings of the conference on artificial intelligence (aaai), 2007, pp. 1038-1046.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{PynadathAAAI07,
author = {David V. Pynadath and Stacy C. Marsella},
title = {Minimal Mental Models},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI)},
pages = {1038-1046},
year = {2007},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/AAAI13PynadathD.pdf},
basefilename={AAAI13PynadathD},
category={Social Simulation},
annote = {Recognition}
}

B. Martinovski, D. Traum, and S. Marsella, “Rejection of empathy in negotiation,” Group decision and negotiation, vol 16(1), 2007.
[Bibtex]

@article{uncite26,
author={Bilyana Martinovski and David Traum and Stacy Marsella},
title= {Rejection of Empathy in Negotiation},
journal={Group Decision and Negotiation, Vol 16(1)},
category={Virtual Humans},
year={2007}
}

J. Lee, S. Marsella, D. R. Traum, J. Gratch, and B. Lance, “The rickel gaze model a window on the mind of a virtual human,” in 7th international conference on intelligent virtual agents, 2007, pp. 296-303.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{IVA07LeeMTGL,
author = {Jina Lee and
Stacy Marsella and
David R. Traum and
Jonathan Gratch and
Brent Lance},
title = {The Rickel Gaze Model A Window on the Mind of a Virtual Human},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/LeeIVA07.pdf},
basefilename={LeeIVA07},
category={Virtual Humans},
booktitle={7th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents},
year = {2007},
pages = {296-303},
publisher = {Springer},
abstract = {Gaze plays a large number of cognitive, communicative and affective roles in face-to-face human interaction. To build a believable virtual human, it is imperative to construct a gaze model that generates realistic gaze behaviors. However, it is not enough to merely imitate a person's eye movements. The gaze behaviors should reflect the internal states of the virtual human and users should be able to derive them by observing the behaviors. In this paper, we present a gaze model driven by the cognitive operations; the model processes the virtual human's reasoning, dialog management, and goals to generate behaviors that reflect the agent's inner thoughts. It has been implemented into our virtual human system and operates in real-time. The gaze model introduced in this paper was originally designed and developed by Jeff Rickel but has since been extended by the authors.},
}

H. Vilhjalmsson, N. Cantelmo, J. Cassell, N. Chafai, M. Kipp, S. Kopp, M. Mancini, S. Marsella, A. Marshall, C. Pelachaud, Z. Ruttkay, K. Thorisson, H. van Welbergen, and R. van der Werf, “The Behavior Markup Language Recent Developments and Challenges,” in Iva 2007, lnai 4722 99-111, springer-verlag berlin heidelberg, 2007.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{cite23,
author={Hannes Vilhjalmsson and N. Cantelmo and Justine Cassell and N. Chafai and Michael Kipp and Stefan Kopp and M. Mancini and Stacy Marsella and Andrew Marshall and Catherine Pelachaud and Zsofia Ruttkay and Kris Thorisson and H. van Welbergen and R. van der Werf},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/IVA2007_BML.pdf},
basefilename={IVA2007_BML},
title={{The Behavior Markup Language Recent Developments and Challenges}},
category={Virtual Humans},
booktitle={IVA 2007, LNAI 4722 99-111, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg},
year=2007}

Kenny, Hartholt, Gratch, Swartout, Traum, Marsella, and Piepol., “Building Interactive Virtual Humans for Training Environments.,” in Interservice/industry training, simulation and education conference, 2007.(best paper nominee), 2007.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{cite24,
author={Kenny and Hartholt and Gratch and Swartout and Traum and Marsella and Piepol.},
title={{Building Interactive Virtual Humans for Training Environments.}},
category={Virtual Humans},
booktitle={Interservice/Industry Training, Simulation and Education Conference, 2007.(Best Paper Nominee)},
year=2007}

J. Gratch and S. Marsella, “The architectural role of emotion in cognitive systems,” in Integrated models of cognitive systems, wayne gray (ed.), oxford university press, , 2007.
[Bibtex]

@InBook{uncite5,
author={Jonathan Gratch and Stacy Marsella},
title={The Architectural Role of Emotion in Cognitive Systems},
booktitle={Integrated Models of Cognitive Systems, Wayne Gray (ed.), Oxford University Press},
category={Emotion Modeling},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/Gratch_Marsella_MICS06.pdf},
year={2007},
}

2006

M. Si, S. Marsella, and D. V. Pynadath, “Thespian modeling socially normative behavior in a decision-theoretic framework,” in Proceedings of the 6th international conference on intelligent virtual agents, Marina del Rey, CA, 2006, pp. 369-382.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{Si06a,
author = {Mei Si and Stacy Marsella and David V. Pynadath},
title = {{Thespian} Modeling Socially Normative Behavior in
a Decision-Theoretic Framework},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on
Intelligent Virtual Agents},
pages = {369-382},
year = {2006},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/iva06-si.pdf},
basefilename={iva06-si},
category={Interactive Drama},
month={August},
address={Marina del Rey, CA},
annote = {social},
abstract = {To facilitate lifelike conversations with the human players
in interactive dramas, virtual characters should follow similar conversational norms as those that govern human-human conversations. In this
paper, we present a model of conversational norms in a decision-theoretic
framework. This model is employed in the Thespian interactive drama
system. In Thespian, characters have explicit goals of following norms, in
addition to their other personal goals, and use a unified decision-theoretic
framework to reason about con
icts among these goals. Different charac-
ters can weigh their goals in different ways and therefore have different
behaviors. We discuss the model of conversational norms in Thespian.
We also present preliminary experiments on modeling various kinds of
characters using this model.},
}

@InProceedings{Si06b,
author = {Mei Si and Stacy Marsella and David V. Pynadath},
title = {{Thespian} Modeling Socially Normative Behavior in
a Decision-Theoretic Framework},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on
Intelligent Virtual Agents},
pages = {369-382},
year = {2006},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/iva06-si.pdf},
basefilename={iva06-si},
category={Social Simulation},
month={August},
address={Marina del Rey, CA},
abstract = {To facilitate lifelike conversations with the human players
in interactive dramas, virtual characters should follow similar conversational norms as those that govern human-human conversations. In this
paper, we present a model of conversational norms in a decision-theoretic
framework. This model is employed in the Thespian interactive drama
system. In Thespian, characters have explicit goals of following norms, in
addition to their other personal goals, and use a unified decision-theoretic
framework to reason about con
icts among these goals. Different charac-
ters can weigh their goals in different ways and therefore have different
behaviors. We discuss the model of conversational norms in Thespian.
We also present preliminary experiments on modeling various kinds of
characters using this model.},
annote = {social},
}

M. Si, S. Marsella, and D. Pynadath, “Social Norms Models in Thespian Using Decision Theoretical Framework for Interactive Dramas.,” in Artificial intelligence and the simulation of behaviour. aisb symposium, (aisb), Bristol, England, 2006.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{cite54,
author={Mei Si and Stacy Marsella and David Pynadath},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/AISB06-0310a.pdf},
basefilename={AISB06-0310a},
title={{Social Norms Models in Thespian Using Decision Theoretical Framework for Interactive Dramas.}},
category={Social Simulation},
booktitle={Artificial Intelligence and the Simulation of Behaviour. AISB Symposium, (AISB)},
year={2006},
month = {April},
address={Bristol, England},
abstract = {Social norms are shared rules of behavior that facilitate social interaction. Although norms are commonly
followed, other factors such as personality traits or more pressing goals may nevertheless lead
to behavior that violates norms. To facilitate life-like social interaction with users in interactive dramas,
the virtual characters ideally should follow similar social norms as that in human-human interaction. In
many existing interactive dramas, the effects of social norms are often crafted by the author to integrate
them with goals and personalities of characters. In this paper, we present a principled way to model
social norms in a decision theoretic framework, Thespian. In Thespian, characters have explicit goals
of following social norms in addition to their other goals. Characters can reason about the effect of following
or violating social norms the same way as achieving or sacrcing their other goals. They can
therefore reason about conflicts between social norm goals and other goals. Different characters can
weight social norm goals with respect to other goals in different ways. We discuss the model of social
norms in Thespian. We also present preliminary experiments on testing the eciency and necessity of
Thespian's social norm model for virtual characters.},
}

M. Si, S. Marsella, and D. V. Pynadath, “Social Norms Models in Thespian Using Decision Theoretical Framework for Interactive Dramas,” in Artificial intelligence and the simulation of behaviour (aisb) symposium, Bristol, England, 2006.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{SiAISB06,
author={Mei Si and Stacy Marsella and David V. Pynadath},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/AISB06-0310a.pdf},
basefilename={AISB06-0310a},
title={{Social Norms Models in Thespian Using Decision Theoretical Framework for Interactive Dramas}},
category={Interactive Drama},
booktitle={Artificial Intelligence and the Simulation of Behaviour (AISB) Symposium},
year={2006},
month = {April},
address={Bristol, England},
abstract = {Social norms are shared rules of behavior that facilitate social interaction. Although norms are commonly
followed, other factors such as personality traits or more pressing goals may nevertheless lead
to behavior that violates norms. To facilitate life-like social interaction with users in interactive dramas,
the virtual characters ideally should follow similar social norms as that in human-human interaction. In
many existing interactive dramas, the effects of social norms are often crafted by the author to integrate
them with goals and personalities of characters. In this paper, we present a principled way to model
social norms in a decision theoretic framework, Thespian. In Thespian, characters have explicit goals
of following social norms in addition to their other goals. Characters can reason about the effect of following
or violating social norms the same way as achieving or sacrificing their other goals. They can
therefore reason about conflicts between social norm goals and other goals. Different characters can
weight social norm goals with respect to other goals in different ways. We discuss the model of social
norms in Thespian. We also present preliminary experiments on testing the efficiency and necessity of
Thespian's social norm model for virtual characters.},
}

S. Kopp, B. Krenn, S. Marsella, A. N. Marshall, C. Pelachaud, H. Pirker, K. R. Thórisson, and H. Vilhjálmsson, “Towards a common framework for multimodal generation the behavior markup language,” in 6th international conference on intelligent virtual agents, marina del rey, ca, 2006. (best paper nominee), 2006.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{uncite30,
author={Stefan Kopp and Brigitte Krenn and Stacy Marsella and Andrew N. Marshall and Catherine Pelachaud and Hannes Pirker and Kristinn R. Thórisson and Hannes Vilhjálmsson},
title={Towards a Common Framework for Multimodal Generation The Behavior Markup Language},
booktitle={6th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents, Marina del Rey, CA, 2006. (Best Paper Nominee) },
category={Virtual Humans},
year={2006}
}

K. R. Thorisson, H. Vilhjalmsson, C. Pelachaud, S. Kopp, N. Badler, L. W. Johnson, S. Marsella, and B. Krenn, “Representations for multimodal generation a workshop report,” Ai magazine, vol. 27, 2006.
[Bibtex]

@article{uncite31,
author={Kristinn R. Thorisson and Hannes Vilhjalmsson and Catherine Pelachaud and Stefan Kopp and Norman Badler and W. Lewis Johnson and Stacy Marsella and Brigitte Krenn},
title={Representations for Multimodal Generation A Workshop Report},
journal={AI Magazine},
volume={27},
category={Virtual Humans},
year={2006},
}

W. Swartout, J. Gratch, R. Hill, E. Hovy, S. Marsella, J. Rickel, and D. Traum, “Toward virtual humans,” Ai magazine, vol. 27, 2006.
[Bibtex]

@article{uncite32,
author={William Swartout and Jonathan Gratch and Randall Hill and Eduard Hovy and Stacy Marsella and Jeff Rickel and David Traum},
title={Toward Virtual Humans},
journal = {AI Magazine},
volume={27},
category={Virtual Humans},
year={2006},
}

J. Gratch, A. Okhmatovskaia, F. Lamothe, S. Marsella, M. Morales, R. J. van der Werf, and L. Morency, “Virtual rapport,” in 6th international conference on intelligent virtual agents, marina del rey, ca, 2006.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{uncite29,
author={Jonathan Gratch and Anya Okhmatovskaia and Francois Lamothe and Stacy Marsella and Mathieu Morales and R. J. van der Werf and Louis-Philippe Morency},
title={Virtual Rapport},
booktitle={6th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents, Marina del Rey, CA},
category={Virtual Humans},
year={2006},
}

J. Lee and S. Marsella, “Nonverbal behavior generator for embodied conversational agents,” in 6th international conference on intelligent virtual agents, 2006, pp. 243-255.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{IVA06LeeM,
author = {Jina Lee and Stacy Marsella},
title = {Nonverbal Behavior Generator for Embodied Conversational Agents},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/LeeIVA06.pdf},
basefilename={LeeIVA06},
category={Virtual Humans},
booktitle={6th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents},
year = {2006},
pages = {243-255},
abstract = {Believable nonverbal behaviors for embodied conversational agents (ECA) can create a more immersive experience for users and improve the effectiveness of communication. This paper describes a nonverbal behavior generator that analyzes the syntactic and semantic structure of the surface text as well as the affective state of the ECA and annotates the surface text with appropriate nonverbal behaviors. A number of video clips of people conversing were analyzed to extract the nonverbal behavior generation rules. The system works in real-time and is user-extensible so that users can easily modify or extend the current behavior generation rules.},
publisher = {Springer},
}

J. Gratch, S. Marsella, and W. Mao, “Towards a validated model of emotional intelligence,” in Twenty-first national conference on artificial intelligence (aaai06). boston, ma., 2006.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{uncite4,
author={Jonathan Gratch and Stacy Marsella and Wenji Mao},
title={Towards a Validated Model of Emotional Intelligence},
booktitle={Twenty-First National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI06). Boston, MA.},
category={Emotion Modeling},
year={2006},
}

S. Marsella and J. Gratch, “EMA A computational model of appraisal dynamics,” in European meeting on cybernetics and systems research, 2006.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{cite3,
author={Stacy Marsella and Jonathan Gratch},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/N_Emcsr_Marsella.pdf},
basefilename={N_Emcsr_Marsella},
title={{EMA A computational model of appraisal dynamics}},
category={Emotion Modeling},
booktitle={European Meeting on Cybernetics and Systems Research},
year={2006},
}

W. M. Jonathan Gratch and S. Marsella, “Modeling social emotions and social attributions,” in Cognitive modeling and multi-agent interaction, run sun (ed.), cambridge university press, 2006, pp 219-251., 2006.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{uncite7,
author={Jonathan Gratch, Wenji Mao and Stacy Marsella},
title={Modeling Social Emotions and Social Attributions},
booktitle={Cognitive Modeling and Multi-Agent Interaction, Run Sun (ed.), Cambridge University Press, 2006, pp 219-251. },
category={Emotion Modeling},
year={2006}
}

N. Wang and S. Marsella, “Introducing EVG An Emotion Evoking Game.,” in 6th international conference on intelligent virtual agents, marina del rey, ca, 2006.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{cite8,
author={Ning Wang and Stacy Marsella},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/IVA-73-Camera.pdf},
basefilename={IVA-73-Camera},
title={{Introducing EVG An Emotion Evoking Game.}},
category={Emotion Modeling},
booktitle={6th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents, Marina del Rey, CA},
year={2006},
}

S. Marsella, S. Carnicke, J. Gratch, A. Okhmatovskaia, and A. Rizzo, “An exploration of Delsarte’s structural acting system.,” in 6th international conference on intelligent virtual agents, marina del rey, ca, 2006.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{cite27,
author={Stacy Marsella and Sharon Carnicke and Jonathan Gratch and Anya Okhmatovskaia and Albert Rizzo},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/Delsarte_CameraReady.pdf},
basefilename={Delsarte_CameraReady},
title={{An exploration of Delsarte's structural acting system.}},
category={Virtual Humans},
booktitle={6th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents, Marina del Rey, CA},
year={2006},
}

M. Core, D. Traum, C. H. Lane, W. Swartout, J. Gratch, M. van Lent, and S. Marsella., “Teaching Negotiation Skills through Practice and Reflection with Virtual Humans,” Simulation, november, 2006.
[Bibtex]

@article{cite25,
author={Mark Core and David Traum and H. Chad Lane and William Swartout and Jonathan Gratch and Michael van Lent and Stacy Marsella.},
title={{Teaching Negotiation Skills through Practice and Reflection with Virtual Humans}},
category={Virtual Humans},
journal={Simulation, November},
year={2006},
}

M. G. Core, D. Traum, H. C. Lane, W. Swartout, S. Marsella, J. Gratch, and M. & van Lent, “Teaching negotiation skills through practice and reflection with virtual humans.,” Simulation transactions of the society for modeling and simulation international, vol. 82, iss. 11, pp. 685-701, 2006.
[Bibtex]

@article{coresimulation,
year={2006},
journal={Simulation Transactions of the Society for Modeling and Simulation International},
title={Teaching Negotiation Skills through Practice and Reflection with Virtual Humans.},
author={Core, M.G. and Traum, D. and Lane, H.C. and Swartout, W. and Marsella, S. and Gratch, J. and & van Lent, M.},
pages={685-701},
volume={82},
number={11},
category={Virtual Humans},
basefilename={coresimulation}
}

2005

M. Si, S. Marsella, and D. V. Pynadath, “Thespian an architecture for interactive pedagogical drama,” in Artificial intelligence in education, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 2005.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{SiAIED05,
author={Mei Si and Stacy Marsella and David V. Pynadath},
title={THESPIAN An Architecture for Interactive Pedagogical Drama},
booktitle={Artificial Intelligence in Education},
year={2005},
month={July},
category={Interactive Drama},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/AIED2005-CRC_0376_884.pdf},
basefilename={AIED2005-CRC_0376_884},
address={Amsterdam, Netherlands},
abstract = {Interactive drama is increasingly being used as a pedagogical tool in
a wide variety of computer-based learning environments. However, the effort required
to build interactive dramas is quite significant. We built Thespian, an architecture
that supports faster development of IPDs, open-ended interaction, encoding
of pedagogical goals and quantitative metrics for evaluating those goals. Thespian
uses autonomous agents to control each character and assumes that the starting
point for the design process is a set of standard scripts. A fitting. algorithm facilitates
the design process by automatically adjusting the goals of the agents so that
the agents perform their roles according to the scripts. This also ensures the agents
will behave true to their character's motivations even when the interactive drama
deviates from the scripts. In this paper, we discuss this basic approach in detail and
illustrate its application to the Tactical Language Training System.},
}

M. Si, S. C. Marsella, and D. V. Pynadath, “Thespian using multi-agent fitting to craft interactive drama,” in Proceedings of the international conference on autonomous agents and multiagent systems, Utrecht, Netherlands, 2005, pp. 21-28.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{SiAAMAS05,
author = {Mei Si and Stacy C. Marsella and David V. Pynadath},
title = {{Thespian} Using Multi-Agent Fitting to Craft Interactive Drama},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems},
pages = {21-28},
year = {2005},
month={July},
address={Utrecht, Netherlands},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/SiMarsPynAAMAS05.pdf},
basefilename={SiMarsPynAAMAS05},
category={Interactive Drama},
annote = {social},
abstract = {There has been a growing interest in designing multi-agent based
interactive dramas. A key research challenge faced in the design of
these systems is to support open-ended user interaction while ensuring
dramatic user experiences and consistent character personalities.
Autonomous agents with reactive and planning abilities are
well suited for realizing characters that both adapt to user interactions
and are consistent with their own goals. However, agents are
often created manually and with extensive programming effort, that
excludes authoring by non-technical authors. Thespian is a framework
for realizing interactive drama that seeks to reduce programming
effort. To start, an author provides linear scripts of the drama.
An automated fitting algorithm then configures agents to behave
according to the scripts via automated tuning of goal parameters.
This capability allows authors to design in a familiar way by writing
scripts. Thespian also supports reuse of characters and story
elements. Given these advantages, new scenarios can be developed
with less programming effort. We discuss the use of Thespian in
fitting characters in the Tactical Language Training System and in
a Grimms' fairy tale. We also present preliminary experiments on
migrating characters between these stories.},
}

S. Marsella and D. V. Pynadath, “Modeling influence. and theory of mind,” in Artificial intelligence and the simulation of behavior, 2005.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{cite48,
author={Stacy Marsella and David V. Pynadath},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/AISB-marpyn.pdf},
basefilename={AISB-marpyn},
title={{Modeling influence. and theory of mind}},
category={Social Simulation},
booktitle={Artificial Intelligence and the Simulation of Behavior},
year={2005},
}

D. V. Pynadath and S. C. Marsella, “PsychSim modeling theory of mind with decision-theoretic agents,” in Proceedings of the international joint conference on artificial intelligence, 2005, pp. 1181-1186.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{PynadathMarsella05,
author = {David V. Pynadath and Stacy C. Marsella},
title = {{PsychSim} Modeling Theory of Mind with Decision-Theoretic Agents},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
pages = {1181-1186},
year = {2005},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/PynMarsIJCAI05.pdf},
basefilename={PynMarsIJCAI05},
category={Social Simulation},
annote = {PsychSim overview. social}
}

D. Traum, W. Swartout, S. Marsella, and J. Gratch, “Fight, Flight, or Negotiate Believable Strategies for Conversing under Crisis,” in In 5th international conference on interactive virtual agents, kos, greece, 2005 (pdf), 2005.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{cite37,
author={David Traum and William Swartout and Stacy Marsella and Jonathan Gratch},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/saso-neg-final.pdf},
basefilename={saso-neg-final},
title={{Fight, Flight, or Negotiate Believable Strategies for Conversing under Crisis}},
category={Virtual Humans},
booktitle={in 5th International Conference on Interactive Virtual Agents, Kos, Greece, 2005 (PDF)},
year=2005}

R. M. Maatman, J. Gratch, and S. Marsella, “Natural Behavior of a Listening Agent,” in In 5th international conference on interactive virtual agents, kos, greece, 2005 (pdf), 2005.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{cite36,
author={R. M. Maatman and Jonathan Gratch and Stacy Marsella},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/IVA05-Maatman.pdf},
basefilename={IVA05-Maatman},
title={{Natural Behavior of a Listening Agent}},
category={Virtual Humans},
booktitle={in 5th International Conference on Interactive Virtual Agents, Kos, Greece, 2005 (PDF)},
category={Virtual Humans},
year=2005}

J. Gratch and S. Marsella, “Some Lessons for Emotion Psychology for the Design of Lifelike Characters,” Journal of applied artificial intelligence (special issue on educational agents – beyond virtual tutors), vol. 19(3-4), pp. 215-233, 2005.
[Bibtex]

@article{cite9,
author={Jonathan Gratch and Stacy Marsella},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/GratchMarsellaAAI05.pdf},
basefilename={GratchMarsellaAAI05},
title={{Some Lessons for Emotion Psychology for the Design of Lifelike Characters}},
category={Emotion Modeling},
journal={Journal of Applied Artificial Intelligence (special issue on Educational Agents - Beyond Virtual Tutors), vol. 19(3-4)},
pages={215-233},
year={2005}
}

W. Swartout, J. Gratch, R. Hill, E. Hovy, R. Lindheim, S. Marsella, J. Rickel, and D. Traum, “Simulation meets hollywood integrating graphics, sound, story and character for immersive simulation,” in Multimodal intelligent information presentation, eds. oliviero stock and massimo zancanaro, 2005.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{uncite33,
author={W. Swartout and J. Gratch and R. Hill and E. Hovy and R. Lindheim and S. Marsella and J. Rickel and D. Traum},
title={Simulation meets Hollywood Integrating Graphics, Sound, Story and Character for Immersive Simulation},
booktitle={Multimodal Intelligent Information Presentation, Eds. Oliviero Stock and Massimo Zancanaro},
category={Virtual Humans},
year={2005},
}

H. Vilhjalmsson and S. Marsella, “Social Peformance Framework,” in Aaai workshop, 2005.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{cite34,
author={Hannes Vilhjalmsson and Stacy Marsella},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/VilhjalmssonMarsella.pdf},
basefilename={VilhjalmssonMarsella},
title={{Social Peformance Framework}},
category={Virtual Humans},
booktitle={AAAI Workshop},
category={Virtual Humans},
year={2005},
}

M. Kallmann and S. Marsella, “Hierarchical Motion Controllers for Real-Time Autonomous Virtual Humans,,” in In 5th international conference on interactive virtual agents, kos, greece, 2005.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{cite35,
author={Marcelo Kallmann and Stacy Marsella},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/ivasub.pdf},
basefilename={ivasub},
title={{Hierarchical Motion Controllers for Real-Time Autonomous Virtual Humans,}},
category={Virtual Humans},
booktitle={in 5th International Conference on Interactive Virtual Agents, Kos, Greece},
category={Virtual Humans},
year={2005},
}

J. Gratch and Stacy Marsella, “Evaluating a computational model of emotion,” Journal of autonomous agents and multiagent systems (special issue on the best of aamas 2004), 11(1), pp. 23-43, 2005.
[Bibtex]

@article{cite6,
author={Jonathan Gratch and Stacy Marsella,},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/GratchMarsellaJAAMAS05.pdf},
basefilename={GratchMarsellaJAAMAS05},
title={{Evaluating a computational model of emotion}},
category={Emotion Modeling},
journal={Journal of Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (Special issue on the best of AAMAS 2004), 11(1)},
pages={23-43},
year={2005}
}

2004

W. L. Johnson, S. C. Marsella, N. Mote, M. Si, H. Vilhjalmsson, and S. Wu, “Balanced perception and action in the tactical language training system,” in Balanced perception and action in ecas in conjunction with aamas 2004, New York, 2004.
[Bibtex]

@inproceedings{JohnsonAAMAS04,
author={Johnson, W. L. and Marsella, S.C. and Mote, N. and Si, M. and Vilhjalmsson, H. and Wu, S.},
title={Balanced Perception and Action in the Tactical Language Training System},
booktitle={Balanced Perception and Action in ECAs in conjunction with AAMAS 2004},
category={Interactive Drama},
address={New York},
year={2004},
month={July}
}

D. V. Pynadath and S. C. Marsella, “Fitting and compilation of multiagent models through piecewise linear functions,” in Proceedings of the international conference on autonomous agents and multi agent systems, 2004, pp. 1197-1204.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{PynadathMarsellaAAMAS04,
author = {David V. Pynadath and Stacy C. Marsella},
title = {Fitting and Compilation of Multiagent Models through
Piecewise Linear Functions},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on
Autonomous Agents and Multi Agent Systems},
pages = {1197-1204},
year = {2004},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/FittingAAMAS04.pdf},
basefilename={FittingAAMAS04},
category={Multi-Agent Systems},
annote = {Exploiting piecewise linearity (i.e., decision trees
for dynamics, etc.) to fit agent models teamwork}
}

R. Nair, M. Tambe, S. Marsella, and T. Raines, “Automated assistants for analyzing team behaviors,” Journal of autonomous agents and multiagent systems, vol. 8, pp. 69-111, 2004.
[Bibtex]

@Article{Nair04,
author = {Ranjit Nair and Milind Tambe and Stacy Marsella and Taylor Raines},
title = {Automated Assistants for Analyzing Team Behaviors},
journal = {Journal of Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems},
volume = {8},
pages = {69-111},
year = {2004},
category={Multi-Agent Systems},
OPTannote = {}
}

S. Marsella and D. V. Pynadath, “PsychSim Agent-based modeling of social interactions and influence.,” in Proceedings of the international conference on cognitive modeling, pittsburg, 2004.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{cite52,
author={Stacy Marsella and David V. Pynadath},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/iccm04.pdf},
basefilename={iccm04},
title={{PsychSim Agent-based modeling of social interactions and influence.}},
category={Social Simulation},
booktitle={Proceedings of the International Conference on Cognitive Modeling, Pittsburg},
year={2004},
}

S. C. Marsella, D. V. Pynadath, and S. Read, “PsychSim agent-based modeling of social interactions and influence,” in Proceedings of the international conference on cognitive modeling, 2004, pp. 243-248.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{MarsellaICCM04,
author = {Stacy C. Marsella and David V. Pynadath and Stephen
J. Read},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/iccm04.pdf},
basefilename={iccm04},
title = {{PsychSim} Agent-based modeling of social
interactions and influence},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on
Cognitive Modeling},
pages = {243-248},
year = {2004},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~pynadath/Research/Publications/ICCM04.pdf},
basefilename={ICCM04},
category={Social Simulation},
annote = {Overview of PsychSim social}
}

J. Gratch and S. Marsella, “Evaluating the modeling and use of emotion in virtual humans.,” in Proceedings of the third international joint conference on autonomous agents and multiagent systems, new york, 2004.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{cite11,
author={Jonathan Gratch and Stacy Marsella},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/GratchMarsellaAAMAS04.pdf},
basefilename={GratchMarsellaAAMAS04},
title={{Evaluating the modeling and use of emotion in virtual humans.}},
category={Emotion Modeling},
booktitle={Proceedings of the Third International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, New York},
year={2004},
}

B. Lance, S. Marsella, and D. Koizumi, “Towards Expressive Gaze Manner in Embodied Virtual Agents,” in Autonomous agents and multi-agent systems workshop on empathic agents, 2004.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{cite40,
author={Brent Lance and Stacy Marsella and David Koizumi},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/lance-aamas.pdf},
basefilename={lance-aamas},
title={{Towards Expressive Gaze Manner in Embodied Virtual Agents}},
category={Virtual Humans},
booktitle={Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems Workshop on Empathic Agents},
year={2004},
}

@InProceedings{PynadathMarsellaAAMAS04,
author = {David V. Pynadath and Stacy C. Marsella},
title = {Fitting and Compilation of Multiagent Models through
Piecewise Linear Functions},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on
Autonomous Agents and Multi Agent Systems},
pages = {1197-1204},
year = {2004},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/aamas04-fitting.pdf},
basefilename={aamas04-fitting},
category={Social Simulation},
annote = {Exploiting piecewise linearity (i.e., decision trees
for dynamics, etc.) to fit agent models teamwork}
}

J. Gratch and S. Marsella, “A domain-independent framework for modeling emotion,” Journal of cognitive systems research, vol. 5, iss. 4, pp. 269-306, 2004.
[Bibtex]

@article{Gratch04,
author = {Jonathan Gratch and Stacy Marsella},
title = {A Domain-independent Framework for Modeling Emotion},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/GratchMarsellaCOGSYS04.pdf},
basefilename={GratchMarsellaCOGSYS04},
journal = {Journal of Cognitive Systems Research},
year = {2004},
volume = {5},
number = {4},
pages = {269-306},
category={Emotion Modeling},
OPTannote = {}
}

2003

S. Marsella, W. L. Johnson, and C. LaBore, “Interactive Pedagogical Drama for Health Interventions.,” in Aied 2003, 11th international conference on artificial intelligence in education, australia, 2003.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{cite62,
author={Stacy Marsella and W.L. Johnson and Catherine LaBore},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/marsella-aied03.pdf},
basefilename={marsella-aied03},
title={{Interactive Pedagogical Drama for Health Interventions.}},
category={Interactive Drama},
booktitle={AIED 2003, 11th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, Australia},
year={2003},
}

M. Yokoo, R. Nair, S. Marsella, M. Tambe, and D. V. Pynadath, “Taming decentralized POMDPs towards efficient policy computation for multiagent settings,” in Proceedings of the international joint conference on artificial intelligence, 2003, pp. 705-711.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{Yokoo03,
author = {Makoto Yokoo and Ranjit Nair and Stacy Marsella and
Milind Tambe and David V. Pynadath},
title = {Taming Decentralized {POMDPs} Towards Efficient
Policy Computation for Multiagent Settings},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on
Artificial Intelligence},
pages = {705-711},
year = {2003},
url={http://teamcore.usc.edu/nair/publications/nair-ijcai03.pdf},
basefilename={nair-ijcai03},
category={Multi-Agent Systems},
annote = {teamwork}
}

R. Nair, M. Tambe, and S. Marsella, “Role allocation and Reallocation in Multiagent Teams Towards A Practical Analysis.,” in Proceedings of the second international joint conference on autonomous agents and multiagent systems, australia, 2003.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{cite77,
author={Ranjit Nair and Milind Tambe and Stacy Marsella},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/nair-aamas03.pdf},
basefilename={nair-aamas03},
title={{Role allocation and Reallocation in Multiagent Teams Towards A Practical Analysis.}},
category={Multi-Agent Systems},
booktitle={Proceedings of the Second International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, Australia},
year={2003},
}

R. Hill, J. Gratch, S. Marsella, J. Rickel, W. Swartout, and D. Traum, “Virtual Humans in the Mission Rehearsal Exercise System,” Kynstliche intelligenz (ki journal). 17(4), 2003. special issue on embodied conversational agents., 2003.
[Bibtex]

@article{cite41,
author={Randall Hill and Jonathan Gratch and Stacy Marsella and Jeff Rickel and William Swartout and David Traum},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/KI-Journal-2003-Hill.pdf},
basefilename={KI-Journal-2003-Hill},
title={{Virtual Humans in the Mission Rehearsal Exercise System}},
category={Virtual Humans},
journal={Kynstliche Intelligenz (KI Journal). 17(4), 2003. Special issue on Embodied Conversational Agents.},
year={2003},
}

S. Marsella, J. Gratch, and J. Rickel, “Expressive Behaviors for Virtual Worlds,” in In helmut prendinger and mitsuru ishizuka (editors), life-like characters tools, affective functions and applications. springer cognitive technologies series, 2003.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{cite39,
author={Stacy Marsella and Jonathan Gratch and Jeff Rickel},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/expressive-behavior.pdf},
basefilename={expressive-behavior},
title={{Expressive Behaviors for Virtual Worlds}},
category={Virtual Humans},
booktitle={In Helmut Prendinger and Mitsuru Ishizuka (Editors), Life-like Characters Tools, Affective Functions and Applications. Springer Cognitive Technologies Series},
year={2003},
}

J. Gratch and S. Marsella, “Fight the way you train the role and limits of emotions in training for combat,” The brown journal of world affairs, vol. X, iss. 1, pp. 63-76, 2003.
[Bibtex]

@Article{GratchMarsella03,
author = {Jonathan Gratch and Stacy Marsella},
title = {Fight the way you train The role and limits of
emotions in training for combat},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/Gratch-Marsella-BrownJournal.pdf},
basefilename={Gratch-Marsella-BrownJournal},
journal = {The Brown Journal of World Affairs},
year = {2003},
volume = {X},
number = {1},
pages = {63-76},
month = {Summer/Fall},
category={Emotion Modeling},
OPTannote = {}
}

D. Traum, J. Rickel, J. Gratch, and S. Marsella, “Negotiation over Tasks in Hybrid Human-Agent Teams for Simulation-Based Training.,” in Proceedings of the second international joint conference on autonomous agents and multiagent systems, australia, 2003.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{cite38,
author={David Traum and Jeff Rickel and Jonathan Gratch and Stacy Marsella},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/traum-aamas03.pdf},
basefilename={traum-aamas03},
title={{Negotiation over Tasks in Hybrid Human-Agent Teams for Simulation-Based Training.}},
category={Virtual Humans},
booktitle={Proceedings of the Second International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, Australia},
year={2003},
}

S. Marsella and J. Gratch, “Modeling Coping Behavior in Virtual Humans Don’t Worry, Be Happy.,” in Proceedings of the second international joint conference on autonomous agents and multiagent systems, australia, 2003.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{cite12,
author={Stacy Marsella and Jonathan Gratch},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/marsella-aamas03.pdf},
basefilename={marsella-aamas03},
title={{Modeling Coping Behavior in Virtual Humans Don't Worry, Be Happy.}},
category={Emotion Modeling},
booktitle={Proceedings of the Second International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, Australia},
year={2003},
}

2002

R. Nair, M. Tambe, and S. Marsella, “Team formation for reformation for multiagent domains like robocup rescue,” in Proceedings of the international symposium on robocup, 2002.
[Bibtex]

@INProceedings{Nairetal2002rescue,
AUTHOR = {Ranjit Nair and Milind Tambe and Stacy Marsella},
Title = {Team formation for reformation for
multiagent domains like RoboCup Rescue},
booktitle= "Proceedings of the International Symposium on RoboCup",
category = {Multi-Agent Systems},
YEAR = {2002}
}

S. Marsella, “Pedagogical Soap.,” in Socially intelligent agents creating relationships with computers and robots, , 2002.
[Bibtex]

@InBook{cite64,
author={Stacy Marsella},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/siawshp2.pdf},
basefilename={siawshp2},
title={{Pedagogical Soap.}},
category={Interactive Drama},
booktitle={Socially Intelligent Agents Creating Relationships with Computers and Robots},
year=2002}

J. Rickel, S. Marsella, J. Gratch, R. Hill, D. Traum, and W. Swartout., “Toward a New Generation of Virtual Humans for Interactive Experiences,” Ieee intelligent systems 17(4), july/august 2002, pp. 32-38. (special issue on ai in interactive entertainment.)., 2002.
[Bibtex]

@article{cite42,
author={Jeff Rickel and Stacy Marsella and Jonathan Gratch and Randall Hill and David Traum and William Swartout.},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/ieee-is02-steve.pdf},
basefilename={ieee-is02-steve},
title={{Toward a New Generation of Virtual Humans for Interactive Experiences}},
category={Virtual Humans},
journal={IEEE Intelligent Systems 17(4), July/August 2002, pp. 32-38. (Special issue on AI in Interactive Entertainment.).},
year=2002}

S. Marsella and J. Gratch, “A step toward irrationality using emotion to change belief,” in Proceedings of the first international joint conference on autonomous agents and multiagent systems, bologna, italy, 2002.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{cite15,
author={Stacy Marsella and Jonathan Gratch},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/agents02-coping.pdf},
basefilename={agents02-coping},
title={{A step toward irrationality using emotion to change belief}},
category={Emotion Modeling},
booktitle={Proceedings of the First International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, Bologna, Italy},
year={2002},
}

2001

S. C. Marsella, M. Tambe, J. Adibi, Y. Al-Onaizan, G. A. Kaminka, and I. Muslea, “Experiences acquired in the design of robocup teams A comparison of two fielded teams.,” Journal of autonomous agents and multi-agent systems, special issue on best of agents’99, vol. 4, pp. 115-129, 2001.
[Bibtex]

@article{isis-jaamas,
author = {Stacy C. Marsella and Milind Tambe and Jafar Adibi and Yaser Al-Onaizan and Gal A. Kaminka and Ion Muslea},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/best-of-agents99.ps},
basefilename={best-of-agents99},
title={{Experiences acquired in the design of robocup teams A comparison of two fielded teams.}},
category={Multi-Agent Systems},
journal={Journal of Autonomous Agents and Multi-agent Systems, special issue on Best of Agents'99},
volume = {4},
pages = {115-129},
year={2001}
}

W. Swartout and et al., “Toward the Holodeck,” in Th international conference on autonomous agents, agents, 2001.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{cite43,
author={William Swartout and et al.},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/agents01-mre.pdf},
basefilename={agents01-mre},
title={{Toward the Holodeck}},
category={Virtual Humans},
booktitle={th International Conference on Autonomous Agents, Agents},
year={2001},
}

J. Gratch and S. Marsella, “Tears and Fears Modeling Emotions and Emotional Behaviors in Synthetic Agents,” in International conference on autonomous agents, agents, 2001.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{cite17,
author={Jonathan Gratch and Stacy Marsella},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/agents01.pdf},
basefilename={agents01},
title={{Tears and Fears Modeling Emotions and Emotional Behaviors in Synthetic Agents}},
category={Emotion Modeling},
booktitle={International Conference on Autonomous Agents, Agents},
year={2001},
}

S. Marsella and J. Gratch, “Modeling the Interplay of Plans and Emotions in Multi-Agent Simulations,” in Proceedings of the cognitive science society, 2001.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{cite16,
author={Stacy Marsella and Jonathan Gratch},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/cogsci01-cam-sent.pdf},
basefilename={cogsci01-cam-sent},
title={{Modeling the Interplay of Plans and Emotions in Multi-Agent Simulations}},
category={Emotion Modeling},
booktitle={Proceedings of the Cognitive Science Society},
year={2001},
}

2000

T. Raines, M. Tambe, and S. Marsella, “Automated assistants to aid humans in understanding team behaviors,” in Proceedings of the international conference on autonomous agents, 2000.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{ISAAC_agents00,
author = {Taylor Raines and Milind Tambe and Stacy Marsella},
title = {Automated Assistants to Aid Humans in Understanding
Team Behaviors},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on
Autonomous Agents},
category = {Multi-Agent Systems},
OPTcrossref = {},
OPTkey = {},
OPTpages = {},
year = {2000},
OPTeditor = {},
OPTvolume = {},
OPTnumber = {},
OPTseries = {},
OPTaddress = {},
OPTmonth = {},
OPTorganization = {},
OPTpublisher = {},
OPTnote = {},
OPTannote = {}
}

T. Raines, M. Tambe, and S. Marsella, “Automated agents that help humans understand team behaviors,” in Proceedings of the international conference on autonomous agents, 2000.
[Bibtex]

@INProceedings{Rainesetal2000,
AUTHOR = {Taylor Raines and Milind Tambe and Stacy Marsella},
Title = {Automated agents that help humans
understand team behaviors},
booktitle= "Proceedings of the International Conference on Autonomous
Agents",
category = {Multi-Agent Systems},
YEAR = {2000}
}

T. Raines, M. Tambe, and S. Marsella, “Automated TEAM Analysis,” in (to appear in a springer verlag volume on robocup 99)., 2000.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{cite74,
author={Taylor Raines and Milind Tambe and Stacy Marsella},
title={{Automated TEAM Analysis}},
category={Multi-Agent Systems},
booktitle={(to appear in a Springer Verlag volume on RoboCup 99).},
year=2000}

T. Raines, M. Tambe, and S. Marsella, “Agent assistants for team analysis,” Ai magazine, 2000.
[Bibtex]

@article{uncite73,
author={Taylor Raines and Milind Tambe and Stacy Marsella},
title={Agent Assistants for Team Analysis},
journal={AI Magazine},
category={Multi-Agent Systems},
year={2000}
}

S. Marsella, “Pedagogical Soap.,” in In dautenhahn, k. (ed) socially intelligent agents the human in the loop. aaai fall 2000 symposium. aaai technical report fs-00-04, 2000.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{cite65,
author={Stacy Marsella},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/siawshp2.pdf},
basefilename={siawshp2},
title={{Pedagogical Soap.}},
category={Interactive Drama},
booktitle={In Dautenhahn, K. (ed) Socially Intelligent Agents The Human in the Loop. AAAI Fall 2000 Symposium. AAAI Technical report FS-00-04},
year=2000}

S. Marsella, “Sympathy for the agent,” in Agents 2000 workshop on achieving human-like behavior in interactive animated agents, 2000.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{uncite66,
author={Stacy Marsella},
title={Sympathy for the Agent},
booktitle={Agents 2000 Workshop on Achieving Human-Like behavior in Interactive Animated Agents},
category={Interactive Drama},
year={2000}
}

S. Marsella, W. L. Johnson, and C. LaBore, “Interactive Pedagogical Drama,” in International conference on autonomous agents, agents, 2000.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{cite63,
author={Stacy Marsella and W.L. Johnson and Catherine LaBore},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/ipd.pdf},
basefilename={ipd},
title={{Interactive Pedagogical Drama}},
category={Interactive Drama},
booktitle={International Conference on Autonomous Agents, Agents},
year={2000},
}

1999

J. Gratch, S. Marsella, R. Hill, and G. Stone, “Deriving priority information requirements for synthetic command entities,” in Proceedings of the 8th conference on computer generated forces and behavioral representation, orlando, fl, 1999.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{uncite90,
author={Gratch, J. and Marsella, S. and Hill, R. and Stone, G.},
title={Deriving Priority Information Requirements for Synthetic Command Entities},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 8th Conference on Computer Generated Forces and Behavioral Representation, Orlando, FL},
category={Miscellaneous},
year={1999},
}

M. Tambe, J. Adibi, Y. Alonaizon, A. Erdem, G. Kaminka, S. Marsella, and I. Muslea, “Building agent teams using an explicit teamwork model and learning,” Artif.\ intell., vol. 110, iss. 2, 1999.
[Bibtex]

@article{Tambothers99AIJ,
title = "Building agent teams using an explicit teamwork model and learning",
author = "Tambe, M. and Adibi, J. and Alonaizon, Y. and Erdem, A. and Kaminka, G. and Marsella, S. and Muslea, I.",
journal = "Artif.\ Intell.",
year = {1999},
key = "Tambe et al.",
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/AIJ.ps},
basefilename={AIJ},
category={Multi-Agent Systems},
volume = "110",
number= 2
}

T. Raines, M. Tambe, and S. Marsella, “Towards automated team analysis a machine learning approach.,” in Third international robocup competitions and workshop, 1999.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{cite75,
author={Taylor Raines and Milind Tambe and Stacy Marsella},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/ISAAC99.ps},
basefilename={ISAAC99},
title={{Towards automated team analysis a machine learning approach.}},
category={Multi-Agent Systems},
booktitle={Third international RoboCup competitions and workshop},
year={1999},
}

S. Marsella, J. Adibi, Y. Al-Onaizan, G. Kaminka, I. Muslea, and M. Tambe, “On being a teammate Experiences acquired in the design of robocup teams.,” in International conference on autonomous agents, agents’99., 1999.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{cite72,
author={Stacy Marsella and Jafar Adibi and Yaser Al-Onaizan and Gal Kaminka and Ion Muslea and Milind Tambe},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/robocup-agents99.ps},
basefilename={robocup-agents99},
title={{On being a teammate Experiences acquired in the design of robocup teams.}},
category={Multi-Agent Systems},
booktitle={International conference on Autonomous agents, Agents'99.},
year=1999}

M. Tambe, G. Kaminka, S. Marsella, I. Muslea, and T. Raines, “Two fielded teams and two experts A robocup response challenge from the trenches.,” in Proceedings of the international joint conference on artificial intelligence, ijcai’99., 1999.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{cite71,
author={Tambe, M. and Kaminka, G. and Marsella, S. and Muslea, I. and Raines, T.},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/ijcai99.ps},
basefilename={ijcai99},
title={{Two fielded teams and two experts A robocup response challenge from the trenches.}},
category={Multi-Agent Systems},
booktitle={Proceedings of the International joint conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI'99.},
year={1999}
}

1998

S. Marsella, C. F. Schmidt, and J. L. Bresina, “A problem reduction approach to automated composition,” in In proceedings of the first workshop on ai and music, aaai-88, august, 1988, pp.148-162., 1998.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{uncite88,
author={Marsella, S. and Schmidt, C.F. and Bresina, J. L.},
title={A problem reduction approach to automated composition},
booktitle={In Proceedings of the First Workshop on AI and Music, AAAI-88, August, 1988, pp.148-162.},
category={Planning},
year=1998}

Erdem, Johnson, and Marsella, “Task oriented software understanding,” in Proceedings of the 13th ieee «international conference on automated software engineering, 1998.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{uncite91,
author={Erdem and Johnson and Marsella},
title={Task Oriented Software Understanding},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 13th IEEE «International Conference on Automated Software Engineering},
category={Miscellaneous},
year={1998},
}

Adobbati, Johnson, and Marsella, “Automatic generation of visual presentations for software understanding,” in Proceedings of the california software symposium, irvine, california, 1998.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{uncite93,
author={Adobbati and Johnson and Marsella},
title={Automatic Generation of Visual Presentations for Software Understanding},
booktitle={Proceedings of the California Software Symposium, Irvine, California},
category={Miscellaneous},
year={1998}
}

S. Marsella, “Structure and communication in planning,” in In zenon pylyshyn (ed.), options for cognitive theory issues and methods for a science of cognition. norwood, nj ablex publishing., , 1998.
[Bibtex]

@InBook{uncite80,
author={Stacy Marsella},
title={Structure and Communication in Planning},
booktitle={In Zenon Pylyshyn (Ed.), Options for Cognitive Theory Issues and Methods for a Science of Cognition. Norwood, NJ Ablex Publishing.},
category={Planning},
year={1998},
}

S. Marsella, J. Adibi, Y. Alonaizon, A. Erdem, R. Hill, G. Kaminka, M. Tambe, and Q. Zhun, “Using an explicit teamwork model and learning in robocup.,” in Robocup’98 proceedings of the second robot world cup competition and conferences, springer verlag, 1998.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{cite79,
author={Marsella, S. and Adibi, J. and Alonaizon, Y. and Erdem, A. and Hill, R. and Kaminka, G. and Tambe, M. and Zhun, Q.},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/RoboCup98WS.pdf},
basefilename={RoboCup98WS},
title={Using an Explicit Teamwork Model and Learning in RoboCup.},
category={Multi-Agent Systems},
booktitle={RoboCup'98 Proceedings of the second robot world cup competition and conferences, Springer Verlag},
year={1998},
}

S. M. R. J. Johnson W.L., “Pedagogical agents in virtual team training,” in In christopher landauer kirstie bellman (eds), proceedings of the virtual worlds and simulation conference (vwsim 98), the society for computer simulation international, san diego, 1998, pp. 72-77., 1998.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{uncite68,
author={Johnson, W.L., Stacy Marsella Rickel, J.},
title={Pedagogical Agents in Virtual Team Training},
booktitle={In Christopher Landauer Kirstie Bellman (Eds), Proceedings of the Virtual Worlds and Simulation Conference (VWSIM 98), The Society for Computer Simulation International, San Diego, 1998, Pp. 72-77.},
category={Interactive Drama},
year={1998}
}

M. Tambe, J. Adibi, Y. Alonaizon, A. Erdem, G. Kaminka, S. Marsella, I. Muslea, and M. Tallis, “ISIS using an explicit model of teamwork in Robocup97,” in Robocup-97 the first robot world cup soccer games and conferences, Springer-verlag, heidelberg, germany, 1998.
[Bibtex]

@incollection{TambeISIS,
title = "{ISIS} Using an explicit model of teamwork in {R}oboCup97",
author = "Tambe, M. and Adibi, J. and Alonaizon, Y. and Erdem, A. and Kaminka, G. and Marsella, S. and Muslea, I. and Tallis, M.",
editors = "Kitano, H.",
key = "Tambe et al.",
booktitle= "RoboCup-97 The first robot world cup soccer games and conferences",
publisher = "Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany",
category = {Multi-Agent Systems},
year = "1998"
}

S. Marsella and W. L. Johnson, “An instructor’s assistant for team-training in dynamic multi-agent virtual worlds,” in Shorter pdf version in intelligent tutoring systems, 98, springer-verlag., 1998.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{MarsellaITS98,
author={Stacy Marsella and W.L. Johnson},
title= {An Instructor's Assistant for Team-Training in dynamic multi-agent virtual worlds},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/cam.pdf},
basefilename={cam},
category={Interactive Drama},
downloads={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/pp Extended HTML Version},
booktitle={Shorter PDF version In Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 98, Springer-Verlag.},
year={1998}
}

1993

S. Marsella, Planning under the restriction of hierarchical partial ordersAnn Arbor, MI: Umi, 1993.
[Bibtex]

@Misc{MarThesis,
author={Stacy Marsella},
title = {Planning under the restriction of Hierarchical Partial Orders},
category={Planning},
publisher={UMI},
address={Ann Arbor, MI},
month={June},
year={1993},
}

S. Marsella and C. F. Schmidt, “A method for biasing the learning of nonterminal reduction rules,” in In s. minton (ed.), machine learning methods for planning. menlo park, camorgan kaufmann, 1993, pp. 499-535., 1993.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{uncite82,
author={Marsella, S. and Schmidt, C. F.},
title={A method for biasing the learning of nonterminal reduction rules},
booktitle={In S. Minton (Ed.), Machine Learning Methods for Planning. Menlo Park, CAMorgan Kaufmann, 1993, pp. 499-535.},
category={Planning},
year=1993}

1992

S. Marsella and C. F. Schmidt, “On the application of problem reduction search to automated composition,” in In m. balaban, k. ebcioglu, o. laske (eds.), understanding music with ai perspectives on music cognition. cambridge, ma mit press/aaai press, 1992, pp. 238-256., 1992.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{uncite83,
author={Marsella, S. and Schmidt, C. F.},
title={On the application of problem reduction search to automated composition},
booktitle={In M. Balaban, K. Ebcioglu, O. Laske (Eds.), Understanding Music with AI Perspectives on Music Cognition. Cambridge, MA MIT Press/AAAI Press, 1992, pp. 238-256.},
category={Planning},
year=1992}

1991

C. F. Schmidt and S. Marsella, “Planning and plan recognition from a computational point of view.,” in A. whiten (ed.) natural theories of mind. oxford basil blackwell, pp. 109-126., , 1991.
[Bibtex]

@InBook{uncite84,
author= {Charles F. Schmidt and Stacy Marsella},
title={Planning and plan recognition from a computational point of view.},
booktitle={A. Whiten (Ed.) Natural Theories of Mind. Oxford Basil Blackwell, pp. 109-126.},
category={Planning},
year=1991}

1990

S. Marsella and C. F. Schmidt, “Reactive planning using a Situation Space.,” in In planning in uncertain, unpredictable, or changing environments (working notes of the 1990 aaai spring symposium) edited by james hendler. available as src tr 90-45 of the systems research center, university of maryland, college park, maryland., 1990.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{cite85,
author={Stacy Marsella and Schmidt, C.F.},
url={http://www.ccs.neu.edu/~marsella/publications/partyworld.pdf},
basefilename={partyworld},
title={{Reactive planning using a Situation Space.}},
category={Planning},
booktitle={In Planning in Uncertain, Unpredictable, or Changing Environments (Working Notes of the 1990 AAAI Spring Symposium) Edited by James Hendler. Available as SRC TR 90-45 of the Systems Research Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland.},
year={1990},
}

1989

S. Marsella and C. F. Schmidt, “Problem reduction, automated music composition, and interactive performance,” in The arts and technology ii a symposium, connecticut college feb. 2-5, 1989, pp.120-131., 1989.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{uncite87,
author={Marsella, S. and Schmidt, C. F.},
title={Problem reduction, automated music composition, and interactive performance},
booktitle={The Arts and Technology II A Symposium, Connecticut College Feb. 2-5, 1989, pp.120-131.},
category={Planning},
year=1989}

C. F. Schmidt, J. L. Goodson, S. Marsella, and J. L. Bresina, “Reactive planning using a situation space,” in Proceedings of the annual ai systems in government conference, washington, d.c. ieee computer society press, march, 1989, pp. 50-55., 1989.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{uncite86,
author={Schmidt, C. F. and Goodson, J. L. and Stacy Marsella and Bresina, J. L.},
title={Reactive planning using a situation space},
booktitle={Proceedings of the Annual AI Systems in Government Conference, Washington, D.C. IEEE Computer Society Press, March, 1989, pp. 50-55.},
category={Planning},
year=1989}

1988

S. P. Robertson, D. Koizumi, and S. Marsella, “Constraints on training: informativeness and breadth in procedural skill learning,” in Proceedings of the human factors society 32nd annual meeting, vol. 1, 377-380, 1988.
[Bibtex]

@InProceedings{uncite89,
author={Robertson, S.P. and Koizumi, D. and Marsella, S.},
title={Constraints on training: Informativeness and breadth in procedural skill learning},
booktitle={Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 32nd Annual Meeting, Vol. 1, 377-380},
category={Planning},
year={1988},
}